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. 2024 May 12;14(5):572. doi: 10.3390/biom14050572

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The overview of USP36-mediated signaling pathways. (A) Hippo/YAP signaling. USP36 stabilizes the YAP protein by inhibiting the polyubiquitination of the K48 chain of the YAP protein. First, USP36 binds to the YAP protein to form a stable complex. Second, USP36 prevents the degradation of YAP protein by inhibiting the polyubiquitination of the K48 chain of YAP protein. Finally, stable YAP protein can continue to participate in the regulation of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, thereby affecting the growth and differentiation of cells. (B) PRL1/Snail2 signaling. In glioblastoma (GBM), PRL1 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by activating USP36-mediated deubiquitination of Snail2. (C) c-Myc/SOD2 signaling. Overexpression of USP36 is accompanied by increased levels of c-Myc and SOD2 proteins, attenuating ischemia-induced ubiquitination of these two proteins. (D) CEP63/YAP1 signaling. USP36 can promote YAP1 expression by binding to CEP63 and inhibiting K63 ubiquitination degradation of FXR1, thereby enhancing cancer stem cell properties. (E) ERK/AKT signaling. USP36 regulates the stability of PM-1. Through deubiquitination, USP36 decreases the expression level of PME-1 and promotes the activation of ERK and Akt signaling pathways. (F) ALR/MDM2 signaling. MDM2 promotes the degradation of ALR proteins by ubiquitinating them, while USP36 maintains the stability of ALR proteins by removing ubiquitination modifications. (G) PARP1 signaling. Dox promotes the progression of DIC by activating USP36-mediated deubiquitination of PARP1. This figure was produced by Biorender (Agreement number: YM26R6CFJU).