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. 2024 May 23;55:67. doi: 10.1186/s13567-024-01316-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of UNA analysed for various PRRSV strains, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and Senecavirus A (SVA). A and D Relative PRRSV S1 or PRRSV FJ1402 ORF7 mRNA levels in Marc-145 cells determined by RT‒qPCR. GAPDH was used as the internal loading control. B and E Western blot analysis of the PRRSV N protein in Marc-145 cells infected with PRRSV S1 or PRRSV FJ1402 and treated with the indicated concentrations of UNA. C and F Virus titration of samples from Marc-145 cells by TCID₅₀ calculation. G and J The mRNA levels of PEDV N in Vero cells G and SVA VP2 in ST cells J determined by RT‒qPCR. H and K Western blot analysis of the PEDV N protein H and SVA VP2 protein K in Vero or ST cells infected with PEDV or SVA and treated with the indicated concentrations of UNA. I and L Virus titration of samples from Vero or ST cells for PEDV I and SVA L detection. M and N Viability of Vero M and ST N cells treated with UNA for 24 h. The results are from one of three independent experiments. The data are presented as the means ± SDs. The asterisks in the figures indicate significant differences (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; ns: not significant).