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. 2024 May 23;55:67. doi: 10.1186/s13567-024-01316-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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PTPN1 inhibits the IFN-β promoter stimulated by poly(I:C) via its phosphatase activity. A Luciferase assay and Western blot analysis for assessing the effect of chloPTPN1 overexpression on IFN-β promoter activity in Marc-145 cells. B RT‒qPCR and Western blot analysis for assessing the effect of chloPTPN1 overexpression on the mRNA levels of IFN-β, ISG15, and ISG56 in Marc-145 cells. C RT‒qPCR and Western blot analysis for assessing the effect of PTPN1 knockdown on the mRNA levels of IFN-β, ISG15, and ISG56 in Marc-145 cells. D Effects of chloPTPN1 phosphatase activity on the IFN-β promoter in Marc-145 cells, as determined by luciferase and Western blot assays. The following plasmids were used: chloPTPN1-HA, chloPTPN1-HA-D181A (“substrate-trapping” mutant, D for short), chloPTPN1-HA-C215S (enzyme-inactive mutant, C for short), and chloPTPN1-HA-D181A/C215S (D/C for short). The results are from one of three independent experiments. The data are presented as the means ± SDs. The asterisks in the figures indicate significant differences (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; ns, not significant).