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. 2024 May 16;11(5):494. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11050494

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Schematic illustration representing fibrosis vs. regeneration following TEC’s implantation. In the fibrosis process, series of immunological reactions lead to the formation of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) that result in the TEC’s fibrosis. By seeding MSCs onto the TEC, these cells modulate inflammatory responses and secrete various pro-healing factors that lead to tissue regeneration.