ERβ enhances skeletal muscle metabolism and integrity in aged mice. (A) H&E staining of aged skeletal muscle after the treatment. (B) Muscle gene expression. ∗P < 0.05, n.s., not significant, n = 5. (C, D) Gene expression in C2C12 cells treated with agonist conjugates and parent compounds, n = 4 for all groups. (E) GFP-positive images of C2C12 cells infected with shRNA viruses to show infection efficiency (scramble or shERβ). Scale bar, 50 μm. (F) Gene expression in C2C12 cells after ERβ knockdown with agonist conjugate treatment. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001, n = 4 for all groups. All values are presented as the mean ± SEM.