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. 2024 May 11;14(5):486. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14050486

Table 1.

Results of comparisons of measures derived from the Munich Parasomnia Questionnaire (MUPS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Preliminary Questionnaires
MUPS Pandemic (%) Pre-Pandemic (%) Fisher’s Exact p
I II III I II III
Hypnic jerks 11.10 33.30 55.60 11.10 22.20 66.70 0.95 0.73
Rhythmic foot movements 59.30 18.50 22.20 40.70 14.80 44.40 3.02 0.28
Rhythmic movement disorders 92.60 7.40 0.00 81.50 11.10 7.40 2.08 0.50
Exploding head syndrome 74.10 14.80 11.10 85.20 7.40 7.40 1.13 0.62
Hypnagogic hallucinations 63.00 25.90 11.10 77.80 14.80 7.40 1.48 0.56
Periodic leg movements 81.50 11.10 7.40 70.40 18.50 11.10 0.99 0.65
Nocturnal leg cramps 55.60 37.00 7.40 59.30 29.60 11.10 0.54 0.85
Sleep-related bruxism 63.00 7.40 29.60 66.70 3.70 29.60 0.48 1.00
Abnormal swallowing 81.50 7.40 11.10 85.20 11.10 3.70 1.22 0.75
Groaning 48.10 14.80 37.00 55.60 18.50 25.90 0.83 0.76
Sleep enuresis 96.30 3.70 0.00 96.30 3.70 0.00 1.00
Nightmares 3.70 37.00 59.30 3.70 48.10 48,10 0.95 0.79
Sleep terrors 70.40 14.80 14.80 51.90 29.60 18.50 2.19 0.35
Nocturnal eating 100.00 0.00 0.00 88.90 7.40 3.70 2.74 0.24
Sleep-related eating 92.60 7.40 0.00 96.30 3.70 0.00 1.00
Confusing arousals 59.30 25.90 14.80 59.30 22.20 18.50 0.27 1.00
Sleep paralysis 85.20 7.40 7.40 88.90 7.40 3.70 0.56 1.00
Sleepwalking 88.90 11.10 0.00 77.80 14.80 7.40 2.02 0.39
Violent behavior 77.80 18.50 3.70 85.20 11.10 3.70 0.84 0.85
RBD 55.60 33.30 11.10 51.90 33.30 14.80 0.27 1.00
Others 88.90 7.40 3.70 66.70 18.50 14.80 3.71 0.18
PSQI Pandemic Pre-Pandemic t p
Global Score 5.85 (0.55) 6.04 (0.52) −0.25 0.80

MUPS, Munich Parasomnia Questionnaire; RBD, REM Behavior Disorder; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.