Table 4.
Outcome measures and results of included studies.
| Study | Outcomes | Pre | Post | Results Within Groups |
Results Between Groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combs et al. [46] | TUG (s) Experimental Control |
8.05 (15.12) 0.99(0.56) |
7.12 (14.62) 1.02(0.61) |
p = 0.003 p = 0.021 |
p = 0.809 |
| dTUG (s) Experimental Control |
11.32 (26.23) 10.33 (16.09) |
8.16 (18.24) 8.89 (7.64) |
p = 0.003 p = 0.010 |
p = 0.841 | |
| BBS (total) Experimental Control |
49.0 (49.0) 49.0 (17.0) |
53.0 (45.0) 54.0 (12.0) |
p = 0.005 p = 0.005 |
p = 0.439 | |
| ABC (%) Experimental Control |
83.1 (60.6) 85.0 (56.9) |
85.3 (60.6) 93.3 (33.8) |
p = 0.624 p = 0.022 |
p = 0.015 | |
| 6 MWT (m) Experimental Control |
405.0 (549.1) 484.4 (301.2) |
457.0 (669.7) 478.7 (183.9) |
p = 0.013 p = 0.807 |
p = 0.087 | |
| Gait Vel. (m/s) Experimental Control |
1.06 (1.08) 1.15 (0.72) |
1.10 (1.10) 1.22 (0.64) |
p = 0.001 p = 0.140 |
p = 0.439 | |
| PDQL (total) Experimental Control |
128.0 (61.0) 125.5 (84.0) |
132.0 (63.0) 149.5 (79.0) |
p = 0.012 p = 0.022 |
p = 0.670 | |
| Domingos et al. [47] |
TUG (s) Experimental Control |
7.74 (2.21) 8.03 (3.05) |
8.86 (2.36) 9.14 (2.28) |
p = 0.007 p = 0.06 |
p = 0.72 |
| TUG dual task (s) Experimental Control |
8.46 (2.65) 8.70 (3.17) |
9.33 (2.19) 9.65 (2.79) |
p = 0.23 p = 0.07 |
p = 0.72 | |
| Mini-BESTest (total) Experimental Control |
23.09 (3.44) 22.60 (2.70) |
25.80 (2.39) 25.33 (2.64) |
p = 0.01 p = 0.02 |
p = 0.53 | |
| 6 MWD (m) Experimental Control |
461.09 (73.63) 467.91 (76.91) |
458.40 (67.87) 464.36 (78.07) |
p = 0.54 p = 0.64 |
p = 0.70 | |
| PDQL-39 (total) Experimental Control |
26.26 (18.08) 22.52 (12.75) |
19.01 (10.62) 25.93 (21.95) |
p = 0.04 p = 0.67 |
p = 0.46 | |
| Sangarapi-llai et al. [11] |
Stride length (m) Experimental Control |
1.48 (0.24) 1.46 (0.13) |
1.47 (0.22) 1.73 (0.52) |
Not reported | Interaction effect of group × time: F (2, 39) = 5.307, p < 0.007 |
| Stride velocity (m/s) Experimental Control |
1.40 (0.17) 1.433 (0.13) |
1.36 (0.18) 1.53 (0.20) |
Not reported | Interaction effect of group × time: F (2, 39) = 9.825, p < 0.0001 | |
| CHAMPS Experimental Control |
3149.82 (2040.11) 3844.71 (2963.80) |
3146.17 (2059.17) 3847.99 (2483.90) |
Not reported | No significant effects or interactions | |
| PDQ-39 Experimental Control |
31.4 (21.97) 35.33 (23.52) |
26.20 (30.62) 30.62 (21.75) |
Not reported | Significant effect of time: F(2, 39) = 56.533, p < 0.0001 |