Table 2.
Information on type of diet, homemade food, flavour, frequency of feeding, water source, water frequency and lifestyle of age-matched data of cats presented at the Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, and veterinary hospitals in the Bangkok Metropolitan area, Thailand, between 2004 and 2014
| Variable | Controls | Cases | P value | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of diets | |||||
| Dry only | 23/29 (79.3) | 19/99 (19.2) | 0.00 | 0.06* | 0.02–0.17 |
| Homemade only | 0/29 (0) | 18/99 (18.2) | 0.007 | Undefined* | 1.45–undefined |
| Canned and dry | 4.29 (13.8) | 11/99 (11.1) | 0.45 | 0.78 | 0.21–3.66 |
| Dry and homemade | 2/29 (6.9) | 10/99 (10.1) | 1.51 | 0.46 | 0.30–15.03 |
| Canned, dry and homemade | 0/29 (0) | 2/99 (2.0) | 0.60 | Undefined | 0.05–undefined |
| Homemade mixed with: | |||||
| Pork | 1/1 (100.0) | 11/18 (61.1) | 0.63 | 0.000 | – 66.86 |
| Chicken | – | 3/10 (30.0) | – | – | – |
| Fresh fish | – | 12/19 (63.2) | – | – | – |
| Intestine | – | 1/10 (10.0) | – | – | – |
| Shrimp | 1/1 (100.0%) | 2/10 (20.0) | 0.27 | 0.000 | 0.00–14.63 |
| Rice | 8/8 (100.0%) | 33/40 (82.5) | 0.25 | 0 | 0.00–28.52 |
| Flavour | |||||
| Boiled fish | 1/4 (25.0) | 1/19 (5.3) | 0.32 | 0.19 | 0.00–17.41 |
| Fish | 1/13 (7.7) | 5/18 (27.8) | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.00–2.25 |
| Fish and tuna combination | 0/4 (0) | 8/18 (44.4) | 0.14 | Undefined | 0.40–undefined |
| Fresh fish | 2/4 (50.0) | 1/18 (5.6) | 0.82 | Undefined | 0.01–undefined |
| Tuna | 0/4 (0) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.66 | Undefined | 0.04–undefined |
| Tuna and chicken combination | 0/4 (0) | 1/18 (5.6) | 0.82 | Undefined | 0.01–undefined |
| Frequency of feeding | |||||
| Twice daily | 13/18 (72.2) | 29/46 (63.0) | 0.26 | 0.66 | 0.18–2.16 |
| Three times daily | 0/18 (0) | 2/46 (4.3) | 0.51 | Undefined | 0.07–undefined |
| More than three times daily | 0/18 (0) | 1/46 (2.2) | 0.72 | Undefined | 0.01–undefined |
| Ad libitum | 5/18 (27.8) | 14/46 (30.4) | 0.43 | 1.14 | 0.34–4.15 |
| Water source | |||||
| Tap water | 7/18 (38.9) | 29/42 (69.0) | 0.03 | 3.43 † | 1.08–11.45 |
| Filtered water | 11/18 (61.1) | 7/42 (16.7) | 0.01 | 0.13 † | 0.03–0.52 |
| Boiled water | 0/18 (0) | 4/42 (9.5) | 0.23 | Undefined | 0.28–undefined |
| Other | 0/18 (0) | 2/42 (4.8) | 0.49 | Undefined | 0.08–undefined |
| Water frequency | |||||
| Once a day | 4/17 (23.5) | 8/48 (16.7) | 0.38 | 0.65 | 0.14–3.47 |
| Ad libitum | 13/17 (76.5) | 40/48 (83.3) | 0.38 | 1.53 | 0.29–6.94 |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Cage | 2/18 (11.1) | 8/53 (15.1) | 0.51 | 1.4217 | 0.24–15.06 |
| Freely outdoor | 3/18 (16.7) | 23/53 (43.4) | 0.04 | 3.77 † | 1.03–17.99 |
| Freely indoor | 13/18 (72.2) | 22/53 (41.5) | 0.02 | 0.28 † | 0.07–0.98 |
Data are n (%)
*
P <0.01 when compared between the clinically normal age-matched cats and the cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
†
P <0.05 when compared between the clinically normal age-matched cats and the CKD cats
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval