Figure 7.

Mechanism of ISLR-mediated antioxidative capacity. A schematic model of oxidative-stress–induced ISLR degradation and ISLR-mediated redox balance. Under normal condition, ISLR suppresses the tetramerization of PKM2, and, therefore, decreases the pyruvate kinase activity. However, under oxidative stress, ISLR perceives the changes in ROS levels and rapidly degraded in the autophagy–lysosomal pathway. Without the suppression of ISLR, pyruvate kinase activity is increased by enhanced PKM2 tetramerization; elevated pyruvate level then improves intracellular antioxidative capacity.