Table 1.

Schöbinger classification of AVM.

Stage I—quiescence	Pink-bluish stain, warmth, arteriovenous shunting on Doppler
Stage II—expansion	Stage I plus enlargement, pulsations, thrill, bruit and tortuous/tense veins
Stage III—destruction	Stage II plus dystrophic skin changes, ulceration, bleeding, tissue necrosis. Lytic bone lesions may occur.
Stage IV—decompensation	Stage III plus congestive cardiac failure with increased cardiac output and left ventricle hypertrophy