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. 2024 May 16;11(5):603. doi: 10.3390/children11050603

Table 3.

PEM-CY scores.

Measure Setting Total
(n = 92)
Mean (SD)
Low-QOL Group
(n = 67)
Mean (SD)
High-QOL Group
(n = 25)
Mean (SD)
p-Value
Frequency (8-point scale) Home
School
Community
5.58 (0.85)
3.97 (1.53)
1.97 (0.96)
5.50 (0.84)
3.91 (1.61)
1.92 (0.97)
5.70 (0.86)
4.14 (1.36)
2.10 (0.97)
0.26
0.37
0.45
Involvement (5-point scale) Home
School
Community
3.90 (0.70)
3.51 (1.20)
3.18 (1.20)
3.87 (0.72)
3.33 (1.28)
3.12 (1.19)
3.99 (0.64)
4.00 (0.85)
3.34 (1.25)
0.27
0.72
0.02
Desire for change (percentage) Home
School
Community
64 (28)
61 (36)
56 (31)
66 (28)
63 (34)
59 (30)
60 (30)
58 (43)
48 (33)
0.87
0.02
0.39
Overall environmental support (percentage) Home
School
Community
80 (12)
84 (12)
81 (12)
79 (13)
83 (13)
79 (12)
83 (12)
88 (10)
85 (11)
0.48
0.18
0.04

QOL: quality of life. Mann–Whitney U test: p < 0.05.