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. 2024 May 16;16(10):1907. doi: 10.3390/cancers16101907

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Interactions between HAIMs and HA in the ECM. HAIMs interact with HA to organise ECM. HA is produced directly by HAS. TSG-6 and VCAN assist with the transport of HC from IαI family members to HA chains. HCs linked to HA chains via ester bond and Pre-α-trypsin inhibitor are released. PTX3 helps with further HA organisation in the mammalian oocytes complex matrix. TSG-6 itself interacts with CD44 and enables CD44 to form a complex with HA. The induction of dimerization in TSG-6 by HA leads to the crosslinking of the HA polysaccharide. HAPLNs binding on the G1 domain of lecticans and tenascin’s binding to lecticans on their G3 domain also help to construct HA scaffold. PTX3 = Pentraxin-3; HC = heavy chain. This figure was created with BioRender (www.Biorender.com, accessed on 8 May 2024).