Table 1.

Univariate measures, EI⁺ samples of Union veterans and IPUMS⁺⁺ sample of men ages 35–60 linked from 1870 to 1880 censuses

	EI veterans (“crippled”)	EI veterans (not crippled)	IPUMS males (crippled)	IPUMS males (not crippled)
% Farmers 1880	41.8	45.3	41.7	41.7
% Laborers	14.1	11.9	9.6	11.5
% Carpenters	4.3	4.6	2.7	3.7
% Clerks	2.8	2.1	0	1.5
% Unemployed 1880	9.8	2.4	12.7	7.6
% Returned to work since 1870	3.7	2.9	3.6	1.8
% Ever married	83.0	90.5	82.0	93.1
% African American	3.2	4.2	13.0	11.6
Median age	41	40	44	45
% Pensioned before 1880	43.4	15.8	–	–
% Amputees	15.2	.3	–	–
N	412*	17,384*	91*	5110*

^*Unweighted numbers; univariate measures from weighted data (see text)

⁺Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease, and Death project; University of Chicago Center for Population Economics

⁺⁺Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, University of Minnesota