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. 2024 May 14;25(10):5329. doi: 10.3390/ijms25105329

Figure 4.

Figure 4

PPIA, 18S, GAPDH, and B2M housekeeping gene expression across the analyzed tissues. Mean expression levels are shown as Ct (threshold cycles). AIS = adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; CTR = control; B = bone facet; M = paravertebral muscle; L = spinal ligament.