Figure 2.

Effects of NMN on NAD⁺ levels and multi-organ injury in doxorubicin-treated mice. (A) Experimental description for NMN supplementation in multi-organ-injury mice, where 8–10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were separated into 3 groups randomly: PBS group (n = 10), DOX group (n = 10), DOX + NMN group (n = 10). PBS or 5 mg/kg doxorubicin was intraperitoneally injected for the PBS, DOX or DOX + NMN group, respectively, once a week 4 times. Then, PBS or 300 mg/kg NMN was administered for 8 weeks. Echocardiographic analysis was performed in week 13 and mice were sacrificed in week 15. (B) Survival rates of different groups in week 15 (n = 10 mice per group). (C) Body weight changes in week 15 (n = 5–10). (D) NAD⁺ levels in blood and organs after NMN supplementation (n = 5–8). (E) Weights of different organs at the day of sacrifice (n = 5–10). (F) Representative HE staining of heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and spleen harvested from week 15. Scale bar, 100 μm. Data are shown as means ± standard deviations. Differences of three groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA test (C–E). Survival rates were measured by log-rank (Mantel−Cox) test (B). ns, not significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.