Fig. 4.

Colocalisation analysis in carcinoma epithelial cells and cellular distribution of ligand-receptor genes in single cells. (a) Colocalisation clusters between carcinoma epithelial cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) representation. (b) Spatial distribution of colocalised adenoma epithelial cells with Tregs. (c) MDK normalised expression and colocalisation cluster distribution in colocalised cell populations in UMAP representation. (d) Violin plot of MDK normalised expression levels by colocalisation clusters. ∗∗∗p < 0.001. p values were determined using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Benjamini–Hochberg method. (e and f) Ligand activity initiating from epithelial carcinoma cells colocalised with regulatory T cells (Tregs) to colocalised stromal cells (e) and monocyte cells (f) The widths of the lines correspond to the ligand activity scores in e and f. (g) UMAP distribution in comparison of epithelial cells with high and low MDK expression divided by median MDK expression levels. (h) comparative Gene ontology (GO) analysis of biological processes associated with high and low MDK expression in epithelial cells. (i) Dot plot of the expression and proportion of MDK receptor genes per cell subtype in T cells; the circle size represents the cell proportion.