Table 4.
Clinical data for participants with complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression.
| Group A: CPTSD (n = 29) |
Group B: PTSD (n = 51) |
Group C: Depression (n = 79) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p-Value | η 2 | |
| ACE | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 0.043 a | 0.04 |
| BSI-18 | ||||||||
| Depression | 11.3 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 10.3 | 3.8 | <0.001 a,c | 0.14 |
| Anxiety | 8.7 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 3.9 | <0.001 a,b | 0.09 |
| Somatization | 6.5 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 0.031 a | 0.05 |
| PHQ-9 total score | 14.7 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 5.0 | 11.9 | 3.8 | <0.001 a,b,c | 0.18 |
| GAD-7 total score | 11.8 | 5.2 | 7.6 | 4.7 | 8.7 | 3.5 | <0.001 a,b | 0.10 |
| WAI | 5.2 | 2.7 | 5.6 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 0.43 | 0.01 |
| OPD-SQS | ||||||||
| total score | 41.6 | 8.0 | 32.3 | 9.4 | 36.5 | 8.8 | <0.001 a,c | 0.11 |
| self-perception | 12.9 | 3.4 | 10.0 | 3.9 | 10.7 | 4.0 | 0.005 a | 0.07 |
| interpersonal contact | 13.6 | 3.0 | 9.8 | 3.4 | 12.2 | 3.2 | <0.001 a,c | 0.14 |
| relationship model | 15.1 | 3.3 | 12.5 | 3.9 | 13.6 | 3.5 | 0.040 a | 0.04 |
| ETMCQ | ||||||||
| Trust | 21.5 | 5.9 | 23.9 | 4.8 | 22.2 | 6.0 | 0.16 | 0.02 |
| Mistrust | 23.8 | 5.1 | 20.4 | 5.2 | 20.8 | 5.7 | 0.043 a | 0.04 |
| Credulity | 22.5 | 4.8 | 18.8 | 4.8 | 19.3 | 5.6 | 0.018 a | 0.05 |
ACE = adverse childhood experiences; BSI-18 = Brief Symptom Inventory; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire depression module; GAD-7 = General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire; WAI = Working Ability Index; OPD-SQS = Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis Structure Questionnaire—Short Form; ETMCQ = Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire. Higher scores on the WAI and ETMCQ trust scale indicate better functioning, while higher scores on all other scales indicate higher symptom severity and worse personality functioning. All analyses were corrected for age, working status (dummy variable: employment vs. else), and family income (dummy variable: below EUR 1.250 vs. EUR above 1.250). a Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05 between CPTSD and PTSD; b Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05 between CPTSD and depression; c Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05 between PTSD and depression. Effect size values η2 ≥ 0.01 were considered small, η2 ≥ 0.06 as medium, and η2 ≥ 0.14 as large.