Table 2.
Adjusted Regression Analysis of Multi-Modal Imaging Trajectories to Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.
| Neurodevelopmental Outcomes | Imaging Biomarker |
R2 | Imaging Trajectory | Maternal IQ | Genetic Abnormality | Cardiac Ventricles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | p-Value | |||
| Early Infant Volume Trajectory | ||||||||||
| 5 Year | ||||||||||
| WPPSI-III Verbal IQ | Brainstem | 0.6041 | 0.0977 (0.0382–0.1571) | 0.0022 | 0.483 (0.27–0.696) | <0.0001 | n.s. | 0.1915 | n.s. | 0.4582 |
| WPPSI-III Verbal IQ | WMV | 0.5258 | 0.0023 (0.0001–0.0046) | 0.0397 | 0.55 (0.32–0.78) | <0.0001 | n.s. | 0.3762 | n.s. | 0.5845 |
| 3 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Language | Brainstem | 0.5891 | 0.0711 (0.0157–0.1265) | 0.0134 | 0.401 (0.232–0.57) | <0.0001 | −10.9 (−17.53–−4.27) | 0.002 | n.s. | 0.504 |
| Bayley-III Language | DGM | 0.5747 | 0.0085 (0.0011–0.016) | 0.0258 | 0.45 (0.279–0.622) | <0.0001 | −11.2 (−17.92–−4.48) | 0.0018 | n.s. | 0.4888 |
| 1 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Language | Whole Brain | 0.3238 | 0.0008 (0.0001–0.0016) | 0.0286 | 0.257 (0.082–0.432) | 0.0048 | −11.49 (−18.89–−4.1) | 0.003 | n.s. | 0.5991 |
| Postsurgical Volume Trajectory—No Significant Findings | ||||||||||
| Perioperative Volume Trajectory | ||||||||||
| 3 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Language | Brainstem | 0.7398 | 0.0073 (0.0019–0.0126) | 0.0111 | 0.419 (0.217–0.62) | 0.0004 | −6.05 (−11.92–−0.18) | 0.044 | n.s. | 0.8218 |
| Bayley-III Motor | CSF | 0.5918 | −0.0001 (−0.0003–0) | 0.0365 | n.s. | 0.1495 | −13.59 (−22.35–−4.84) | 0.0044 | 11.78 (4.68–18.88) | 0.0027 |
| 1 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Cognitive | CSF | 0.4949 | −0.0002 (−0.0003–−0.0001) | 0.0062 | n.s. | 0.1193 | n.s. | 0.5698 | n.s. | 0.1488 |
| Early Infant DTI FA Trajectory | ||||||||||
| 3 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Language | SLF-R | 0.7311 | 2263 (328–4199) | 0.0256 | n.s. | 0.0556 | −17.02 (−25.34–−8.69) | 0.0008 | n.s. | 0.6985 |
| Postsurgical DTI FA Trajectory | ||||||||||
| 3 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Cognitive | FOF-R | 0.6198 | 3769 (1055–6483) | 0.0082 | 0.351 (0.189–0.513) | 0.0001 | −6.44 (−12.79–−0.09) | 0.0472 | 5.86 (0.3–11.43) | 0.0397 |
| Bayley-III Motor | ILF-L | 0.529 | 2760 (201–5319) | 0.0354 | 0.321 (0.127–0.514) | 0.002 | −13.75 (−21.71–−5.78) | 0.0014 | 12.83 (5.75–19.92) | 0.0009 |
| Bayley-III Motor | ILF-R | 0.5495 | 3178 (651–5705) | 0.0156 | 0.255 (0.05–0.46) | 0.0165 | −13.46 (−21.31–−5.62) | 0.0015 | 10.65 (3.7–17.6) | 0.004 |
| Perioperative DTI FA Trajectory | ||||||||||
| 3 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Language | SLF-L | 0.8109 | 155 (46–263) | 0.009 | 0.503 (0.324–0.683) | <0.0001 | n.s. | 0.9721 | n.s. | 0.166 |
| 1 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Cognitive | FOF-L | 0.3445 | 232 (11–452) | 0.0402 | 0.396 (0.168–0.624) | 0.0011 | n.s. | 0.0796 | n.s. | 0.576 |
| Bayley-III Cognitive | FOF-R | 0.401 | 331 (88–573) | 0.0089 | 0.375 (0.151–0.599) | 0.0017 | n.s. | 0.0738 | n.s. | 0.808 |
| Bayley-III Cognitive | ILF-L | 0.4085 | 326 (109–544) | 0.0043 | 0.384 (0.171–0.597) | 0.0008 | n.s. | 0.0933 | n.s. | 0.4537 |
| Bayley-III Cognitive | ILF-R | 0.3838 | 337 (81–593) | 0.0112 | 0.424 (0.191–0.658) | 0.0007 | −10.92 (−20.19–−1.65) | 0.0222 | n.s. | 0.4349 |
| Bayley-III Cognitive | SLF-L | 0.6266 | 257 (91–423) | 0.0042 | 0.665 (0.374–0.957) | 0.0001 | n.s. | 0.2241 | n.s. | 0.951 |
| Bayley-III Motor | ILF-L | 0.4012 | 340 (109–571) | 0.005 | 0.389 (0.163–0.615) | 0.0013 | n.s. | 0.0542 | n.s. | 0.8822 |
| Early Infant DTI RD Trajectory | ||||||||||
| 3 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Motor | ILF-R | 0.6452 | −780 (−1511–−49) | 0.0375 | 0.278 (0.096–0.46) | 0.0042 | −12.09 (−18.7–−5.48) | 0.0009 | 12.97 (7.11–18.83) | 0.0001 |
| Bayley-III Language | SLF-R | 0.7268 | −697 (−1307–−87) | 0.0284 | n.s. | 0.0695 | −15.23 (−22.99–−7.47) | 0.0011 | n.s. | 0.4574 |
| Postsurgical DTI RD Trajectory—No Significant Findings | ||||||||||
| Perioperative DTI RD Trajectory | ||||||||||
| 3 Year | ||||||||||
| Bayley-III Cognitive | ILF-R | 0.7040 | −91 (−155–−27) | 0.0076 | −0.412 (0.264–0.560) | <0.0001 | −9.64 (−15.18–−4.09) | 0.0014 | n.s. | 0.0761 |
| Bayley-III Language | SLF-R | 0.8095 | −66 (−125–−9) | p.0296 | n.s. | 0.1611 | −12.37 (−21.13 –−3.61) | 0.0125 | n.s. | 0.7573 |
Abbreviations: WMV—cerebral white matter volume; DGM—deep grey matter volume; FOF—fronto-occipital fasciculus; ILF—inferior longitudinal fasciculus; SLF—superior longitudinal fasciculus; L—left; R—right; FA—Fractional Anisotropy; RD—Radial Diffusivity; n.s.—not significant.