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. 2024 May 9;11:1349338. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1349338

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© 2024 Chan, Kaura, Mulla, Papadimitriou, Glampson, Mayer, Shah, Mayet and Yap.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ef and EFa of all patients, stratified into HFrEF (EF < 40), HFmrEF (40 ≤ EF < 50) and HFpEF (EF ≥ 50) and non-HF (not diagnosed with HF) based on ICD-10 codes. Notation “*” and “NS” refers to significant (adjusted p value < 0.05) and non-significant difference between respective groups (indicated with bracket) and with respective non-HF group (right of box) compared using ANOVA. LV diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF group as graded to I (n = 27), II (n = 27) and III (n = 7) according to ASE/EACVI guidelines.