Table 2.

Advantages and disadvantages associated with antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines.

	Advantages	Disadvantages
Antibiotics	Immediate effectiveness soon after administration, lifesaving during acute bacterial infections.	Selection of escape mutants, short-term activity, possible side effects.
Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)	Safety, high target-specificity, less susceptible to resistance mechanisms, longer half-lives (~21 days for IgG) compared to antibiotics.	High production cost, possible need for mAb cocktails, problems in reaching the target antigen due to biofilm formation or presence of capsule.
Vaccines	Multiple antigens can be targeted, low risk of developing resistance, preventive action (prophylaxis), long-lasting effectiveness, induction of immunological memory, herd immunity.	2–3 weeks required to elicit an immune response, full protection can often require multiple doses.