Table 1.

Overview of the included studies regarding first author, year of publication, study design, relevant miRNAs and major findings.

Authors	Year	Study	miRNA	Major Outcomes
Arroyo et al. [45]	2018	Human	miR-146a	miR-146a Negative regulator of inflammation Downregulation with higher risk of MACE
Benito et al. [46]	2022	Human	miR-1-3p	miR-1-3p Significantly higher plasma levels in patients with cryptogenic stroke and thereby newly diagnosed AF than in patients with sinus rhythm
Chen et al. [47]	2018	Human	miR-15a-5p miR-17-5p miR-19b-3p miR-20a-5p	miR-15a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-20a-5p Potential biomarkers to differentiate between embolic and thrombotic stroke Association with concomitant diseases of embolic stroke (especially atrial fibrillation)
Kim et al. [48]	2022	Human	miR-93-5p miR-378f miR-450b-5p miR-629-5p	miR-378f, miR-450b-5p Significantly elevated levels in thrombi of patients with cardio-embolic stroke miR-93-5p, miR-629-5p Significantly elevated levels in thrombi of patients with neurological deterioration
Kiyosawa et al. [49]	2020	Human	miR-22-3p miR-128-3p miR-130a-3p miR-140-5p miR-143-3p miR-144-5p miR-148b-3p miR-192-5p miR-194-5p miR-497-5p miR-652-3p	miR-22-3p, miR-128-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-497-5p Positive correlation with CHA2DS2-VASc-Score Upregulation as potential feedback loop against pro-fibrotic mechanisms in patients miR-148b-3p, miR-652-3p Positive correlation with CHA2DS2-VASc-Score miR-144-5p, miR-192-5p Negative correlation with CHA2DS2-VASc-Score miR-194-5p Negative correlation with CHA2DS2-VASc-Score Upregulation as potential feedback loop against pro-fibrotic mechanisms in patients
Koutsis et al. [50]	2013	Review	miR-1 miR-26 miR-328 antag. miR-1 antag. miR-145 antag. miR-181a antag. miR-497	miR-1, miR-26, miR-328 Association with presence of atrial fibrillation Antagonists/Antagomirs of miR-1, miR-145, miR-181a, miR-497 Potential of neuroprotection in in vivo models
Li et al. [51]	2020	Human	miR-1 miR-1-3p miR-21 miR-21-5p miR-155 miR-155-5p miR-192 miR-192-5p	miR-1, miR-1-3p, miR-21, miR-21-5p, miR-155, miR-155-5p miR-192, miR-192-5p, Potential biomarkers with association regarding stroke in AF-patients
Liu et al. [52]	2013	In vivo	miR-21 miR-30c-1 miR-142-3p miR-142-5p miR-146a miR-196a/b/c miR-206 miR-224 miR-290 miR-291a-5p miR-324-3p	miR-21, miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-146a Significant upregulation during recovery from embolic stroke miR-196a/b/c, miR-224, miR-324-3p Significant downregulation during recovery from embolic stroke miR-206, miR-290, miR-291a-5p, miR-30c-1 Positive correlation with infarct size
Llombart et al. [53]	2013	Review	miR-145 miR-210	miR-145 Modulator of smooth muscle cells Upregulation in stroke miR-210 Downregulation in ischemic stroke
Martinez et al. [54]	2017	Review	miR-124 miR-133b miR-145 miR-200a miR-711 miR-762 miR-1892	miR-200a, miR-145, miR-762, miR-1892 Potential neuroprotective role miR-124, miR-145, miR-711 Predictors to mediate anti-inflammatory and microglia/macrophage activation pathways miR-133b, miR-145 Participants in nerve cell remodeling and functional recovery after stroke
Modak et al. [55]	2019	Human	miR-15b-5p miR-29a-5p miR-145-5p miR-151a-3p miR-487b-3p miR-647 miR-664a-3p miR-943 miR-1273e miR-2116-5p miR-4531 miR-4709-3p miR-4742-3p mirR-4756-3p miR-4764-5p miR-5187-3p miR-5584-3p	miR-145-5p, miR-664a-3p, miR-943 Significant upregulation in ischemic stroke miR-647, miR-664a-3p, miR-1273e, miR-2116-5p, miR-4531, miR-4709-3p, miR-4742-3p, mirR-4756-3p, miR-4764-5p, miR-5187-3p, miR-5584-3p Significant downregulation in ischemic stroke miR-29a-5p, miR-151a-3p, miR-487b-3p Significant upregulation in severe ischemic stroke miR-15b-5p, miR-4531 Significant downregulation in severe ischemic stroke
Rivera-Caravaca et al. [56]	2020	Human	miR-22-3p miR-107 miR-146a-5p	miR-22-3p Upregulation associated with higher risk of MACE miR-107 Upregulation associated with higher risk of MACE miR-146a-5p Downregulation associated with higher risk of MACE
Sadik et al. [57]	2021	Human	miR-155	miR-155 Significantly elevation in patients with ischemic stroke Association between plasma level expression of miR-155 and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.040) High diagnostic accuracy for acute, ischemic stroke event (AUC = 0.900; p < 0.001)
Tan et al. [58]	2017	Human + In vitro	miR-19a miR-20a miR-185 miR-374b	miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-185, miR-374b Significant upregulation in patients with cardioembolic stroke in comparison to non-cardioembolic stroke Relevant association regarding CD46 mRNA
Wang et al. [46]	2010	Review	miR-1	miR-1 Downregulation with anti-arrhythmic effect and lower risk of cardiovascular events
Wu et al. [25]	2016	Human	miR-18a miR-19b miR-21 miR-25 miR-29b miR-164a miR-186 miR-328 miR-335	miR-164a, miR-335 Regulation of endothelin and coagulation pathways in cardioembolic stroke miR-19b, miR-186, miR-328, miR-335 Regulation of B and T cell activation in cardioembolic stroke Regulation of protein synthesis and turnover in cardioembolic stroke miR-18a, miR-21, miR-25, miR-29b Regulation of protein synthesis and turnover in cardioembolic stroke Regulation of neurodegeneration in cardioembolic stroke Regulation of cell death in cardioembolic stroke Regulation of proliferation in cardioembolic stroke
Xie et al. [59]	2023	Human	miR-30e-5p miR-154-5p miR-641	miR-30e-5p, miR-154-5p, miR-641 Significant upregulation in patients with AF-related stroke in comparison to patients with AF alone
Zheng et al. [60]	2019	Human	miR-21-5p miR-206 miR-491-5p miR-3123	miR-21-5p, miR-206, miR-3123 Significant upregulation in patients with cardioembolic stroke and hemorrhagic transformation in comparison to patients without hemorrhagic transformation miR-491-5p No significant upregulation between patients with cardioembolic stroke and hemorrhagic transformation in comparison to patients without hemorrhagic transformation
Zou et al. [61]	2019	Human	miR-27a-3p miR-27b-3p miR-494-3p	miR-27a-3p: Involved in NF-kappaB signaling pathway Involved in negative regulation myoblast differentiation Potential Biomarker for AF-related stroke detection miR-27b-3p Involved in toll-like receptor signaling pathway Involved in regulation of neuron differentiation Potential Biomarker for AF-related stroke detection miR-494-3p Involved in cardiac muscle cell differentiation Involved in neuron migration and differentiation Potential Biomarker for AF-related stroke detection