Table 3.

A review of the in vitro research on the antimicrobial activity of Arthrospira. spp., including unidentified ones.

Species	Extract or Sample	Test Microorganism	Antibacterial Activity—MIC, MBC, IZ, etc.	Test Methods	Reference
Spirulina sp.	35% Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanofibers with 1% phenolic compounds both from Spirulina LEB 18	S. aureus and E. coli	IZ = 7.5 mm (S. aureus) E. coli with higher resistance The phenolic compounds did not lose their activity after the electrospinning This new nanomaterial combines a biodegradable food packaging function with an antibacterial activity	DDM	[91]
Spirulina sp.	MeOH and EtOH extracts	S. aureus, B. cereus, P. aerugenosa, E. col, and S. typhimurium; fungi—C. albicans, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium verrucosum and Malassezia pachydermatis	The IZs of the EtOH extract against were in the range of 7–10 mm, except for F. graminearum and A. ochraceus (0 mm). The MeOH extract had no activity for the bacteria and C. albicans and IZs against the rest were in the range of 7.5–9 mm	AWDM	[166]
Two strains of A. maxima	MeOH extract, pellet, aqueous extracellular supernatant	B. subtilis, E. coli, P. fluorescens, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae.	The MeOH extract of one strain had IZ ˂ 10 mm against S. cerevisiae	AWDM	[155]
A. maxima	Hemolymph of the abalone Haliotis laevigata fed with A. maxima	Vibrio anguillarum	No antibacterial activity	MTS assay	[167]
A. maxima	Aqueous and MeOH extracts	E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. aureus, B. subtilis and C. albicans	MeOH extract IZs = 36.5–44.8 mm, except C. albicans (smaller IZ), not a significant difference at 0.5 and at 0.66 g/mL Aqueous extract IZ ≥ 50 mm (S. aureus) at 0.15 and 0.2 g/mL but at 0.33 g/mL no effect B. subtilis: effect only at 0.33 g/mL (13.5 mm) The IZs for the other species = 11.5 to 14 mm	DDM	[168]
	Pure phycocyanin	B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, M. luteus, S. marcescens and K. pneumoniae	Four mg per disk: IZs 18–20 mm MIC = 300 µg/mL for all Total phycobiliprotein content and phycocyanin increased under salt stress	DDM	[169]