Skip to main content
. 2024 May 18;403(10440):2057–2099. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00550-6

Table 2.

Total fertility rate for the reference scenario and four alternative scenarios by location, 2050 and 2100

Reference scenario
 Education SDG achieved
 Contraceptive met need SDG achieved
 Pro-natal policies enacted
 Combined scenario
2050 2100 2050 2100 2050 2100 2050 2100 2050 2100
Global 1·83 (1·59–2·08) 1·59 (1·25–1·96) 1·65 (1·40–1·92) 1·56 (1·26–1·92) 1·64 (1·39–1·89) 1·52 (1·21–1·87) 1·93 (1·69–2·19) 1·68 (1·36–2·04) 1·65 (1·40–1·92) 1·62 (1·35–1·95)
Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia 1·68 (1·56–1·81) 1·57 (1·42–1·73) 1·65 (1·52–1·78) 1·56 (1·41–1·72) 1·52 (1·39–1·66) 1·51 (1·36–1·65) 1·80 (1·68–1·93) 1·64 (1·49–1·79) 1·62 (1·49–1·75) 1·57 (1·42–1·71)
Central Asia 2·31 (2·16–2·47) 1·95 (1·76–2·13) 2·27 (2·11–2·43) 1·93 (1·75–2·11) 2·11 (1·95–2·26) 1·88 (1·70–2·07) 2·33 (2·18–2·48) 1·95 (1·77–2·14) 2·09 (1·94–2·25) 1·89 (1·70–2·08)
Armenia 1·45 (1·27–1·65) 1·24 (1·01–1·49) 1·41 (1·23–1·62) 1·21 (0·98–1·46) 1·18 (0·94–1·42) 1·11 (0·87–1·37) 1·65 (1·47–1·85) 1·44 (1·21–1·69) 1·35 (1·12–1·60) 1·29 (1·05–1·55)
Azerbaijan 1·51 (1·27–1·76) 1·29 (1·01–1·59) 1·48 (1·24–1·74) 1·28 (1·00–1·57) 1·15 (0·84–1·44) 1·04 (0·73–1·35) 1·71 (1·47–1·96) 1·49 (1·21–1·79) 1·34 (1·03–1·64) 1·23 (0·92–1·54)
Georgia 1·80 (1·65–1·96) 1·52 (1·34–1·71) 1·71 (1·57–1·88) 1·49 (1·31–1·68) 1·53 (1·34–1·72) 1·39 (1·20–1·60) 1·80 (1·65–1·96) 1·72 (1·54–1·91) 1·67 (1·49–1·87) 1·57 (1·38–1·78)
Kazakhstan 2·43 (2·21–2·65) 1·94 (1·69–2·19) 2·38 (2·16–2·60) 1·92 (1·68–2·16) 2·27 (2·05–2·49) 1·89 (1·64–2·13) 2·43 (2·21–2·65) 1·94 (1·69–2·19) 2·23 (2·01–2·46) 1·87 (1·62–2·11)
Kyrgyzstan 2·35 (2·05–2·70) 1·95 (1·63–2·33) 2·32 (2·01–2·67) 1·94 (1·62–2·31) 2·01 (1·68–2·38) 1·73 (1·40–2·10) 2·35 (2·05–2·70) 1·95 (1·63–2·33) 1·99 (1·65–2·37) 1·92 (1·59–2·29)
Mongolia 2·46 (2·02–2·88) 1·87 (1·35–2·35) 2·36 (1·90–2·80) 1·83 (1·32–2·32) 2·22 (1·79–2·64) 1·77 (1·28–2·24) 2·46 (2·02–2·88) 1·87 (1·35–2·35) 2·15 (1·70–2·58) 1·79 (1·29–2·26)
Tajikistan 2·66 (2·33–2·97) 2·13 (1·75–2·49) 2·59 (2·25–2·91) 2·10 (1·73–2·45) 2·18 (1·83–2·50) 1·84 (1·48–2·18) 2·66 (2·33–2·97) 2·13 (1·75–2·49) 2·13 (1·79–2·46) 1·81 (1·46–2·15)
Turkmenistan 2·25 (1·87–2·66) 1·81 (1·38–2·28) 2·10 (1·68–2·54) 1·74 (1·29–2·22) 2·02 (1·65–2·44) 1·72 (1·30–2·18) 2·25 (1·87–2·66) 1·81 (1·38–2·28) 1·91 (1·51–2·34) 1·86 (1·43–2·32)
Uzbekistan 2·34 (2·08–2·62) 1·97 (1·69–2·27) 2·32 (2·06–2·60) 1·97 (1·69–2·26) 2·27 (2·02–2·54) 1·97 (1·69–2·27) 2·34 (2·08–2·62) 1·97 (1·69–2·27) 2·26 (2·00–2·53) 1·97 (1·70–2·26)
Central Europe 1·34 (1·19–1·50) 1·21 (1·03–1·41) 1·33 (1·17–1·49) 1·21 (1·03–1·41) 1·18 (1·01–1·35) 1·15 (0·97–1·35) 1·54 (1·39–1·70) 1·41 (1·23–1·61) 1·37 (1·20–1·55) 1·34 (1·16–1·55)
Albania 1·34 (1·10–1·61) 1·17 (0·86–1·50) 1·29 (1·04–1·57) 1·15 (0·83–1·48) 0·86 (0·52–1·20) 0·80 (0·44–1·15) 1·54 (1·30–1·81) 1·37 (1·06–1·70) 1·04 (0·69–1·38) 0·99 (0·63–1·35)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1·16 (0·99–1·35) 0·95 (0·71–1·19) 1·15 (0·98–1·35) 0·96 (0·73–1·20) 0·85 (0·61–1·08) 0·80 (0·55–1·05) 1·36 (1·19–1·55) 1·15 (0·91–1·39) 1·05 (0·80–1·28) 1·01 (0·75–1·25)
Bulgaria 1·43 (1·29–1·59) 1·26 (1·08–1·45) 1·40 (1·25–1·56) 1·26 (1·08–1·45) 1·25 (1·08–1·42) 1·18 (0·99–1·37) 1·63 (1·49–1·79) 1·46 (1·28–1·65) 1·43 (1·26–1·61) 1·38 (1·20–1·57)
Croatia 1·27 (1·08–1·46) 1·14 (0·92–1·38) 1·26 (1·08–1·46) 1·14 (0·92–1·38) 1·05 (0·83–1·26) 1·01 (0·78–1·25) 1·47 (1·28–1·66) 1·34 (1·12–1·58) 1·25 (1·03–1·46) 1·21 (0·98–1·45)
Czechia 1·54 (1·34–1·76) 1·36 (1·13–1·60) 1·53 (1·33–1·75) 1·35 (1·13–1·60) 1·44 (1·23–1·66) 1·31 (1·09–1·55) 1·74 (1·54–1·96) 1·56 (1·33–1·80) 1·62 (1·41–1·84) 1·50 (1·28–1·74)
Hungary 1·42 (1·22–1·65) 1·29 (1·06–1·55) 1·42 (1·22–1·65) 1·29 (1·06–1·55) 1·34 (1·13–1·57) 1·25 (1·02–1·51) 1·62 (1·42–1·85) 1·49 (1·26–1·75) 1·53 (1·33–1·77) 1·44 (1·22–1·71)
Montenegro 1·56 (1·43–1·70) 1·40 (1·23–1·58) 1·55 (1·42–1·69) 1·40 (1·23–1·58) 1·18 (0·95–1·39) 1·12 (0·89–1·34) 1·76 (1·63–1·90) 1·60 (1·43–1·78) 1·38 (1·15–1·58) 1·32 (1·09–1·53)
North Macedonia 1·10 (1·01–1·20) 0·97 (0·84–1·09) 1·08 (0·98–1·18) 0·97 (0·84–1·09) 0·80 (0·66–0·93) 0·76 (0·62–0·90) 1·30 (1·21–1·40) 1·17 (1·04–1·29) 0·99 (0·85–1·11) 0·96 (0·82–1·10)
Poland 1·21 (1·04–1·40) 1·07 (0·87–1·29) 1·21 (1·04–1·39) 1·07 (0·87–1·29) 1·06 (0·86–1·27) 1·00 (0·79–1·22) 1·41 (1·24–1·60) 1·27 (1·07–1·49) 1·26 (1·06–1·47) 1·20 (0·99–1·42)
Romania 1·48 (1·32–1·66) 1·26 (1·06–1·48) 1·45 (1·28–1·63) 1·26 (1·06–1·47) 1·34 (1·15–1·52) 1·23 (1·03–1·44) 1·68 (1·52–1·86) 1·46 (1·26–1·68) 1·51 (1·32–1·70) 1·43 (1·23–1·64)
Serbia 1·01 (0·90–1·11) 0·96 (0·82–1·09) 1·00 (0·90–1·11) 0·96 (0·82–1·09) 0·81 (0·66–0·94) 0·82 (0·66–0·96) 1·21 (1·10–1·31) 1·16 (1·02–1·29) 1·01 (0·85–1·13) 1·02 (0·86–1·16)
Slovakia 1·46 (1·34–1·59) 1·31 (1·16–1·46) 1·45 (1·32–1·58) 1·30 (1·15–1·46) 1·30 (1·15–1·44) 1·22 (1·06–1·38) 1·66 (1·54–1·79) 1·51 (1·36–1·66) 1·49 (1·34–1·63) 1·41 (1·26–1·57)
Slovenia 1·51 (1·39–1·64) 1·38 (1·24–1·54) 1·50 (1·38–1·64) 1·38 (1·24–1·54) 1·32 (1·16–1·47) 1·25 (1·08–1·42) 1·71 (1·59–1·84) 1·58 (1·44–1·74) 1·51 (1·35–1·67) 1·45 (1·28–1·62)
Eastern Europe 1·28 (1·15–1·42) 1·19 (1·05–1·35) 1·24 (1·12–1·39) 1·18 (1·04–1·34) 1·16 (1·02–1·32) 1·13 (0·99–1·30) 1·48 (1·35–1·62) 1·39 (1·24–1·55) 1·34 (1·20–1·49) 1·32 (1·18–1·49)
Belarus 1·29 (1·06–1·55) 1·19 (0·95–1·47) 1·28 (1·05–1·54) 1·19 (0·94–1·47) 1·14 (0·89–1·41) 1·09 (0·83–1·36) 1·49 (1·26–1·75) 1·39 (1·15–1·67) 1·33 (1·09–1·60) 1·28 (1·03–1·56)
Estonia 1·37 (1·24–1·50) 1·21 (1·06–1·36) 1·30 (1·16–1·44) 1·19 (1·04–1·35) 1·30 (1·17–1·44) 1·18 (1·04–1·33) 1·57 (1·44–1·70) 1·41 (1·26–1·56) 1·44 (1·31–1·58) 1·37 (1·22–1·52)
Latvia 1·35 (1·16–1·56) 1·22 (1·01–1·49) 1·29 (1·10–1·52) 1·22 (1·00–1·48) 1·25 (1·04–1·47) 1·18 (0·96–1·44) 1·55 (1·36–1·76) 1·42 (1·21–1·69) 1·41 (1·20–1·63) 1·37 (1·15–1·64)
Lithuania 1·23 (1·11–1·35) 1·09 (0·96–1·25) 1·21 (1·09–1·33) 1·08 (0·95–1·24) 1·12 (0·99–1·26) 1·05 (0·91–1·20) 1·43 (1·31–1·55) 1·29 (1·16–1·45) 1·30 (1·18–1·44) 1·24 (1·10–1·40)
Moldova 1·09 (0·94–1·25) 1·03 (0·87–1·24) 1·07 (0·92–1·23) 1·03 (0·87–1·23) 0·95 (0·78–1·13) 0·95 (0·77–1·15) 1·29 (1·14–1·45) 1·23 (1·07–1·44) 1·13 (0·96–1·31) 1·15 (0·97–1·35)
Russia 1·33 (1·20–1·47) 1·21 (1·06–1·37) 1·29 (1·16–1·44) 1·20 (1·06–1·36) 1·21 (1·07–1·37) 1·15 (1·01–1·31) 1·53 (1·40–1·67) 1·41 (1·26–1·57) 1·38 (1·24–1·54) 1·34 (1·20–1·50)
Ukraine 1·01 (0·88–1·16) 0·98 (0·83–1·16) 0·99 (0·85–1·14) 0·97 (0·82–1·15) 0·92 (0·77–1·07) 0·93 (0·77–1·11) 1·21 (1·08–1·36) 1·18 (1·03–1·36) 1·10 (0·95–1·25) 1·12 (0·97–1·30)
High income 1·43 (1·30–1·56) 1·37 (1·22–1·53) 1·42 (1·29–1·55) 1·36 (1·22–1·52) 1·38 (1·24–1·52) 1·34 (1·19–1·50) 1·62 (1·50–1·76) 1·56 (1·41–1·72) 1·57 (1·43–1·71) 1·52 (1·38–1·68)
Australasia 1·45 (1·25–1·68) 1·33 (1·08–1·59) 1·46 (1·26–1·67) 1·33 (1·11–1·57) 1·40 (1·18–1·64) 1·31 (1·06–1·58) 1·65 (1·45–1·88) 1·53 (1·28–1·79) 1·60 (1·39–1·84) 1·51 (1·28–1·76)
Australia 1·45 (1·23–1·70) 1·32 (1·06–1·61) 1·46 (1·24–1·69) 1·32 (1·09–1·58) 1·41 (1·16–1·67) 1·31 (1·03–1·59) 1·65 (1·43–1·90) 1·52 (1·26–1·81) 1·61 (1·38–1·86) 1·51 (1·25–1·78)
New Zealand 1·45 (1·33–1·58) 1·35 (1·20–1·51) 1·45 (1·34–1·57) 1·35 (1·22–1·49) 1·39 (1·25–1·54) 1·31 (1·15–1·48) 1·65 (1·53–1·78) 1·55 (1·40–1·71) 1·59 (1·45–1·73) 1·51 (1·37–1·67)
High-income Asia Pacific 1·14 (1·00–1·30) 1·14 (0·96–1·35) 1·12 (0·99–1·28) 1·13 (0·97–1·33) 1·07 (0·91–1·24) 1·08 (0·89–1·30) 1·34 (1·20–1·49) 1·33 (1·15–1·54) 1·25 (1·10–1·42) 1·27 (1·10–1·48)
Brunei 1·40 (1·08–1·78) 1·25 (0·87–1·70) 1·38 (1·08–1·72) 1·26 (0·91–1·65) 1·28 (0·94–1·68) 1·19 (0·81–1·64) 1·60 (1·28–1·98) 1·45 (1·07–1·90) 1·45 (1·13–1·82) 1·39 (1·04–1·80)
Japan 1·26 (1·09–1·45) 1·21 (1·00–1·43) 1·24 (1·07–1·43) 1·20 (1·02–1·41) 1·16 (0·96–1·38) 1·14 (0·92–1·38) 1·46 (1·29–1·65) 1·41 (1·20–1·63) 1·35 (1·15–1·56) 1·33 (1·13–1·56)
Singapore 1·15 (0·93–1·41) 1·12 (0·88–1·41) 1·14 (0·94–1·39) 1·12 (0·90–1·38) 1·14 (0·92–1·39) 1·12 (0·89–1·40) 1·35 (1·13–1·61) 1·32 (1·08–1·61) 1·33 (1·13–1·57) 1·32 (1·11–1·58)
South Korea 0·82 (0·73–0·92) 0·82 (0·71–0·95) 0·82 (0·73–0·91) 0·82 (0·71–0·94) 0·79 (0·67–0·92) 0·82 (0·68–0·95) 1·02 (0·93–1·12) 1·02 (0·91–1·15) 0·99 (0·87–1·11) 1·01 (0·88–1·15)
High-income North America 1·51 (1·38–1·64) 1·43 (1·27–1·60) 1·50 (1·38–1·63) 1·43 (1·28–1·58) 1·44 (1·31–1·58) 1·38 (1·22–1·54) 1·71 (1·58–1·84) 1·63 (1·47–1·80) 1·64 (1·50–1·77) 1·57 (1·42–1·73)
Canada 1·39 (1·21–1·58) 1·32 (1·12–1·54) 1·39 (1·22–1·58) 1·32 (1·13–1·53) 1·36 (1·17–1·56) 1·30 (1·10–1·53) 1·59 (1·41–1·78) 1·52 (1·32–1·74) 1·56 (1·37–1·76) 1·50 (1·30–1·72)
Greenland 1·84 (1·60–2·10) 1·67 (1·36–2·00) 1·74 (1·46–2·02) 1·62 (1·28–1·94) 1·77 (1·52–2·03) 1·62 (1·30–1·94) 1·84 (1·60–2·10) 1·87 (1·56–2·20) 1·88 (1·60–2·16) 1·76 (1·44–2·09)
USA 1·52 (1·40–1·65) 1·45 (1·30–1·60) 1·51 (1·40–1·64) 1·44 (1·30–1·59) 1·46 (1·33–1·59) 1·39 (1·24–1·54) 1·72 (1·60–1·85) 1·65 (1·50–1·80) 1·65 (1·52–1·77) 1·58 (1·44–1·73)
Southern Latin America 1·32 (1·10–1·57) 1·23 (0·97–1·53) 1·30 (1·09–1·54) 1·22 (0·99–1·50) 1·27 (1·04–1·53) 1·22 (0·96–1·52) 1·52 (1·30–1·77) 1·43 (1·17–1·73) 1·45 (1·23–1·71) 1·41 (1·16–1·70)
Argentina 1·33 (1·09–1·60) 1·22 (0·91–1·56) 1·31 (1·07–1·57) 1·21 (0·93–1·51) 1·28 (1·01–1·55) 1·20 (0·89–1·54) 1·53 (1·29–1·80) 1·42 (1·11–1·76) 1·45 (1·20–1·73) 1·39 (1·10–1·71)
Chile 1·29 (1·09–1·51) 1·24 (0·99–1·51) 1·29 (1·10–1·50) 1·24 (1·01–1·50) 1·26 (1·05–1·50) 1·23 (0·98–1·51) 1·49 (1·29–1·71) 1·44 (1·19–1·71) 1·46 (1·25–1·70) 1·43 (1·19–1·70)
Uruguay 1·36 (1·14–1·60) 1·25 (0·97–1·56) 1·27 (1·05–1·52) 1·20 (0·95–1·50) 1·29 (1·05–1·56) 1·22 (0·93–1·55) 1·56 (1·34–1·80) 1·45 (1·17–1·76) 1·42 (1·16–1·69) 1·38 (1·10–1·70)
Western Europe 1·44 (1·32–1·57) 1·37 (1·23–1·52) 1·43 (1·32–1·56) 1·37 (1·24–1·51) 1·42 (1·30–1·55) 1·36 (1·23–1·51) 1·63 (1·52–1·76) 1·55 (1·42–1·70) 1·60 (1·49–1·73) 1·54 (1·42–1·68)
Andorra 1·02 (0·92–1·11) 1·01 (0·89–1·13) 1·01 (0·92–1·11) 1·01 (0·90–1·12) 1·00 (0·91–1·10) 1·00 (0·89–1·12) 1·22 (1·12–1·31) 1·21 (1·09–1·33) 1·20 (1·11–1·30) 1·20 (1·10–1·32)
Austria 1·42 (1·29–1·55) 1·34 (1·18–1·51) 1·41 (1·29–1·55) 1·34 (1·18–1·50) 1·40 (1·27–1·54) 1·34 (1·18–1·51) 1·62 (1·49–1·75) 1·54 (1·38–1·71) 1·60 (1·48–1·73) 1·53 (1·39–1·69)
Belgium 1·43 (1·24–1·63) 1·34 (1·13–1·57) 1·43 (1·25–1·63) 1·34 (1·15–1·56) 1·41 (1·23–1·61) 1·34 (1·13–1·57) 1·63 (1·44–1·83) 1·54 (1·33–1·77) 1·61 (1·43–1·81) 1·54 (1·35–1·76)
Cyprus 1·18 (0·97–1·43) 1·13 (0·89–1·40) 1·18 (0·97–1·41) 1·12 (0·90–1·38) 1·17 (0·96–1·41) 1·12 (0·89–1·38) 1·38 (1·17–1·63) 1·33 (1·09–1·60) 1·36 (1·16–1·60) 1·31 (1·09–1·57)
Denmark 1·57 (1·46–1·69) 1·47 (1·34–1·60) 1·56 (1·45–1·68) 1·47 (1·34–1·59) 1·55 (1·44–1·67) 1·46 (1·33–1·59) 1·77 (1·66–1·89) 1·67 (1·54–1·80) 1·75 (1·63–1·86) 1·66 (1·54–1·79)
Finland 1·36 (1·24–1·49) 1·32 (1·18–1·48) 1·36 (1·25–1·49) 1·32 (1·19–1·47) 1·35 (1·23–1·48) 1·31 (1·18–1·46) 1·56 (1·44–1·69) 1·52 (1·38–1·68) 1·55 (1·43–1·67) 1·51 (1·38–1·66)
France 1·56 (1·35–1·79) 1·43 (1·19–1·69) 1·56 (1·36–1·78) 1·42 (1·20–1·67) 1·54 (1·33–1·77) 1·43 (1·19–1·69) 1·76 (1·55–1·99) 1·63 (1·39–1·89) 1·74 (1·53–1·97) 1·63 (1·40–1·87)
Germany 1·47 (1·35–1·58) 1·40 (1·27–1·53) 1·46 (1·35–1·58) 1·41 (1·28–1·53) 1·45 (1·33–1·57) 1·39 (1·26–1·52) 1·67 (1·55–1·78) 1·60 (1·47–1·73) 1·64 (1·52–1·77) 1·59 (1·47–1·72)
Greece 1·36 (1·17–1·57) 1·28 (1·06–1·54) 1·35 (1·17–1·56) 1·28 (1·07–1·52) 1·34 (1·15–1·55) 1·28 (1·06–1·52) 1·56 (1·37–1·77) 1·48 (1·26–1·74) 1·53 (1·35–1·74) 1·48 (1·27–1·71)
Iceland 1·73 (1·54–1·93) 1·58 (1·36–1·82) 1·73 (1·54–1·92) 1·58 (1·38–1·80) 1·71 (1·52–1·92) 1·59 (1·37–1·82) 1·89 (1·70–2·09) 1·78 (1·56–2·02) 1·91 (1·72–2·11) 1·78 (1·58–2·00)
Ireland 1·54 (1·40–1·70) 1·40 (1·22–1·58) 1·54 (1·40–1·69) 1·40 (1·24–1·57) 1·53 (1·38–1·68) 1·40 (1·23–1·57) 1·74 (1·60–1·90) 1·60 (1·42–1·78) 1·72 (1·58–1·87) 1·59 (1·44–1·76)
Israel 2·38 (2·20–2·59) 2·09 (1·86–2·34) 2·33 (2·15–2·54) 2·08 (1·87–2·31) 2·35 (2·16–2·56) 2·09 (1·87–2·34) 2·38 (2·20–2·59) 2·09 (1·86–2·34) 2·31 (2·12–2·52) 2·08 (1·88–2·31)
Italy 1·18 (1·00–1·37) 1·09 (0·88–1·32) 1·18 (1·00–1·37) 1·09 (0·90–1·32) 1·16 (0·99–1·35) 1·09 (0·89–1·32) 1·38 (1·20–1·57) 1·29 (1·08–1·52) 1·36 (1·19–1·55) 1·29 (1·10–1·51)
Luxembourg 1·30 (1·17–1·44) 1·24 (1·09–1·40) 1·30 (1·17–1·43) 1·24 (1·10–1·39) 1·28 (1·16–1·42) 1·24 (1·09–1·39) 1·50 (1·37–1·64) 1·44 (1·29–1·60) 1·48 (1·36–1·61) 1·44 (1·30–1·59)
Malta 1·39 (1·18–1·64) 1·26 (1·01–1·55) 1·39 (1·19–1·64) 1·26 (1·03–1·54) 1·38 (1·16–1·62) 1·26 (1·02–1·55) 1·59 (1·38–1·84) 1·46 (1·21–1·75) 1·58 (1·37–1·82) 1·46 (1·23–1·74)
Monaco 1·44 (1·16–1·76) 1·37 (1·06–1·73) 1·42 (1·14–1·75) 1·36 (1·06–1·72) 1·43 (1·15–1·75) 1·37 (1·06–1·72) 1·64 (1·36–1·96) 1·57 (1·26–1·93) 1·61 (1·33–1·94) 1·56 (1·27–1·92)
Netherlands 1·54 (1·41–1·67) 1·42 (1·27–1·57) 1·54 (1·41–1·67) 1·42 (1·28–1·57) 1·50 (1·37–1·64) 1·40 (1·25–1·56) 1·74 (1·61–1·87) 1·62 (1·47–1·77) 1·70 (1·57–1·83) 1·60 (1·46–1·75)
Norway 1·43 (1·32–1·54) 1·36 (1·24–1·49) 1·43 (1·33–1·54) 1·36 (1·25–1·48) 1·42 (1·31–1·53) 1·36 (1·24–1·48) 1·63 (1·52–1·74) 1·56 (1·44–1·69) 1·62 (1·52–1·73) 1·56 (1·44–1·68)
Portugal 1·27 (1·13–1·42) 1·17 (1·00–1·37) 1·27 (1·14–1·42) 1·17 (1·00–1·36) 1·23 (1·08–1·39) 1·17 (0·99–1·36) 1·47 (1·33–1·62) 1·37 (1·20–1·57) 1·43 (1·28–1·59) 1·37 (1·19–1·56)
San Marino 1·27 (1·09–1·49) 1·20 (0·99–1·46) 1·26 (1·08–1·48) 1·20 (1·00–1·44) 1·25 (1·07–1·47) 1·20 (0·99–1·45) 1·47 (1·29–1·69) 1·40 (1·19–1·66) 1·44 (1·26–1·66) 1·40 (1·20–1·64)
Spain 1·23 (1·10–1·38) 1·11 (0·93–1·30) 1·21 (1·07–1·35) 1·10 (0·93–1·29) 1·21 (1·07–1·35) 1·11 (0·93–1·30) 1·43 (1·30–1·58) 1·31 (1·13–1·50) 1·38 (1·24–1·53) 1·30 (1·13–1·49)
Sweden 1·51 (1·39–1·64) 1·38 (1·24–1·53) 1·48 (1·35–1·61) 1·37 (1·23–1·51) 1·47 (1·34–1·61) 1·36 (1·22–1·51) 1·71 (1·59–1·84) 1·58 (1·44–1·73) 1·64 (1·51–1·78) 1·54 (1·40–1·69)
Switzerland 1·40 (1·28–1·52) 1·33 (1·20–1·47) 1·39 (1·28–1·51) 1·33 (1·21–1·47) 1·38 (1·27–1·50) 1·33 (1·20–1·46) 1·60 (1·48–1·72) 1·53 (1·40–1·67) 1·58 (1·46–1·70) 1·53 (1·41–1·66)
UK 1·38 (1·18–1·58) 1·30 (1·08–1·53) 1·37 (1·18–1·56) 1·30 (1·09–1·52) 1·36 (1·17–1·56) 1·29 (1·07–1·51) 1·58 (1·38–1·78) 1·50 (1·28–1·73) 1·55 (1·36–1·75) 1·49 (1·29–1·70)
Latin America and Caribbean 1·57 (1·38–1·79) 1·31 (1·08–1·57) 1·50 (1·30–1·73) 1·31 (1·09–1·56) 1·49 (1·30–1·71) 1·31 (1·08–1·55) 1·72 (1·54–1·95) 1·50 (1·28–1·76) 1·64 (1·45–1·86) 1·50 (1·29–1·74)
Andean Latin America 1·80 (1·58–2·05) 1·45 (1·19–1·73) 1·75 (1·52–2·00) 1·46 (1·20–1·73) 1·66 (1·44–1·91) 1·44 (1·18–1·71) 1·82 (1·59–2·06) 1·65 (1·39–1·93) 1·82 (1·60–2·08) 1·64 (1·39–1·91)
Bolivia 1·84 (1·55–2·17) 1·40 (1·07–1·77) 1·80 (1·50–2·12) 1·44 (1·12–1·80) 1·67 (1·38–1·99) 1·40 (1·08–1·76) 1·84 (1·55–2·17) 1·60 (1·27–1·97) 1·84 (1·55–2·16) 1·63 (1·32–1·98)
Ecuador 1·74 (1·42–2·10) 1·45 (1·10–1·86) 1·73 (1·41–2·10) 1·45 (1·10–1·86) 1·65 (1·34–2·01) 1·44 (1·10–1·83) 1·78 (1·46–2·14) 1·65 (1·30–2·06) 1·85 (1·53–2·21) 1·64 (1·30–2·03)
Peru 1·83 (1·56–2·13) 1·44 (1·14–1·80) 1·74 (1·47–2·06) 1·43 (1·13–1·79) 1·67 (1·41–1·97) 1·42 (1·13–1·77) 1·83 (1·56–2·13) 1·64 (1·34–2·00) 1·80 (1·54–2·12) 1·62 (1·33–1·96)
Caribbean 1·77 (1·50–2·08) 1·43 (1·11–1·88) 1·67 (1·39–2·00) 1·45 (1·15–1·88) 1·57 (1·29–1·89) 1·37 (1·09–1·79) 1·82 (1·56–2·12) 1·61 (1·31–2·05) 1·71 (1·43–2·02) 1·58 (1·31–1·98)
Antigua and Barbuda 1·30 (1·11–1·52) 1·15 (0·93–1·41) 1·26 (1·06–1·48) 1·15 (0·93–1·41) 1·25 (1·06–1·46) 1·15 (0·93–1·40) 1·50 (1·31–1·72) 1·35 (1·13–1·61) 1·41 (1·22–1·64) 1·35 (1·13–1·60)
The Bahamas 1·24 (1·02–1·49) 1·24 (0·99–1·52) 1·21 (0·99–1·47) 1·24 (0·99–1·52) 1·19 (0·98–1·44) 1·21 (0·97–1·50) 1·44 (1·22–1·69) 1·44 (1·19–1·72) 1·37 (1·16–1·62) 1·41 (1·17–1·69)
Barbados 1·18 (0·95–1·47) 1·10 (0·85–1·42) 1·17 (0·94–1·46) 1·10 (0·85–1·42) 1·10 (0·85–1·39) 1·06 (0·81–1·38) 1·38 (1·15–1·67) 1·30 (1·05–1·62) 1·29 (1·04–1·58) 1·26 (1·01–1·58)
Belize 1·58 (1·28–1·90) 1·28 (0·93–1·67) 1·46 (1·14–1·81) 1·25 (0·90–1·64) 1·38 (1·08–1·71) 1·18 (0·85–1·56) 1·78 (1·48–2·10) 1·48 (1·13–1·87) 1·49 (1·18–1·83) 1·36 (1·02–1·73)
Bermuda 1·19 (1·04–1·36) 1·07 (0·88–1·28) 1·13 (0·97–1·32) 1·06 (0·88–1·28) 1·15 (0·99–1·31) 1·05 (0·87–1·26) 1·39 (1·24–1·56) 1·27 (1·08–1·48) 1·29 (1·13–1·47) 1·25 (1·07–1·46)
Cuba 1·31 (1·18–1·44) 1·23 (1·07–1·39) 1·29 (1·16–1·43) 1·23 (1·07–1·38) 1·27 (1·15–1·40) 1·22 (1·06–1·37) 1·51 (1·38–1·64) 1·43 (1·27–1·59) 1·46 (1·33–1·59) 1·42 (1·27–1·57)
Dominica 1·18 (0·96–1·45) 1·13 (0·89–1·42) 1·15 (0·93–1·42) 1·13 (0·89–1·42) 1·13 (0·91–1·39) 1·11 (0·87–1·39) 1·38 (1·16–1·65) 1·33 (1·09–1·62) 1·30 (1·09–1·57) 1·31 (1·08–1·59)
Dominican Republic 1·84 (1·55–2·15) 1·51 (1·19–1·86) 1·80 (1·52–2·11) 1·53 (1·22–1·87) 1·72 (1·45–2·03) 1·47 (1·16–1·81) 1·84 (1·55–2·15) 1·71 (1·39–2·06) 1·90 (1·63–2·20) 1·69 (1·39–2·02)
Grenada 1·41 (1·09–1·79) 1·19 (0·81–1·62) 1·37 (1·05–1·76) 1·19 (0·82–1·63) 1·32 (0·99–1·70) 1·17 (0·81–1·60) 1·61 (1·29–1·99) 1·39 (1·01–1·82) 1·49 (1·16–1·87) 1·38 (1·02–1·81)
Guyana 1·91 (1·54–2·32) 1·58 (1·15–2·04) 1·87 (1·48–2·28) 1·58 (1·16–2·04) 1·63 (1·25–2·05) 1·43 (1·02–1·88) 1·91 (1·54–2·32) 1·78 (1·35–2·24) 1·81 (1·42–2·23) 1·63 (1·22–2·07)
Haiti 2·10 (1·68–2·61) 1·44 (0·92–2·05) 1·89 (1·43–2·44) 1·46 (0·95–2·06) 1·73 (1·27–2·28) 1·35 (0·84–1·94) 2·10 (1·68–2·61) 1·64 (1·12–2·25) 1·82 (1·34–2·37) 1·58 (1·07–2·17)
Jamaica 1·16 (0·93–1·39) 1·04 (0·79–1·31) 1·15 (0·93–1·39) 1·05 (0·80–1·32) 1·12 (0·90–1·35) 1·05 (0·80–1·31) 1·36 (1·13–1·59) 1·24 (0·99–1·51) 1·32 (1·10–1·55) 1·25 (1·00–1·51)
Puerto Rico 0·84 (0·76–0·92) 0·81 (0·72–0·93) 0·83 (0·75–0·92) 0·81 (0·72–0·93) 0·81 (0·73–0·89) 0·81 (0·71–0·93) 1·04 (0·96–1·12) 1·01 (0·92–1·13) 1·00 (0·92–1·09) 1·01 (0·91–1·13)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 1·08 (0·92–1·27) 1·00 (0·81–1·20) 1·08 (0·91–1·26) 1·01 (0·83–1·21) 1·05 (0·89–1·23) 1·00 (0·82–1·19) 1·28 (1·12–1·47) 1·20 (1·01–1·40) 1·24 (1·08–1·42) 1·20 (1·03–1·40)
Saint Lucia 1·04 (0·79–1·32) 0·87 (0·58–1·19) 1·03 (0·78–1·31) 0·87 (0·59–1·19) 0·96 (0·70–1·24) 0·86 (0·57–1·17) 1·24 (0·99–1·52) 1·07 (0·78–1·39) 1·15 (0·90–1·43) 1·06 (0·79–1·38)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1·35 (1·10–1·64) 1·16 (0·87–1·51) 1·30 (1·04–1·60) 1·16 (0·88–1·50) 1·30 (1·06–1·59) 1·17 (0·88–1·51) 1·55 (1·30–1·84) 1·36 (1·07–1·71) 1·46 (1·21–1·76) 1·37 (1·09–1·70)
Suriname 1·73 (1·41–2·05) 1·39 (1·02–1·78) 1·64 (1·31–1·98) 1·39 (1·02–1·77) 1·48 (1·18–1·81) 1·26 (0·90–1·63) 1·77 (1·45–2·09) 1·59 (1·22–1·98) 1·62 (1·31–1·97) 1·46 (1·11–1·83)
Trinidad and Tobago 1·35 (1·13–1·60) 1·19 (0·94–1·49) 1·33 (1·10–1·58) 1·19 (0·94–1·49) 1·16 (0·92–1·43) 1·10 (0·84–1·39) 1·55 (1·33–1·80) 1·39 (1·14–1·69) 1·35 (1·11–1·61) 1·30 (1·04–1·59)
Virgin Islands 1·49 (1·28–1·77) 1·37 (1·13–1·69) 1·44 (1·21–1·72) 1·36 (1·12–1·67) 1·44 (1·22–1·72) 1·35 (1·10–1·66) 1·69 (1·48–1·97) 1·57 (1·33–1·89) 1·59 (1·36–1·88) 1·54 (1·29–1·85)
Central Latin America 1·47 (1·23–1·74) 1·21 (0·93–1·53) 1·38 (1·13–1·66) 1·20 (0·93–1·52) 1·40 (1·16–1·67) 1·21 (0·94–1·52) 1·64 (1·40–1·91) 1·40 (1·13–1·72) 1·53 (1·28–1·81) 1·40 (1·14–1·71)
Colombia 1·35 (1·02–1·71) 1·14 (0·77–1·54) 1·32 (0·98–1·68) 1·14 (0·78–1·54) 1·32 (1·00–1·67) 1·16 (0·80–1·56) 1·55 (1·22–1·91) 1·34 (0·97–1·74) 1·49 (1·17–1·85) 1·37 (1·01–1·76)
Costa Rica 1·18 (1·02–1·36) 1·03 (0·84–1·26) 1·15 (0·98–1·34) 1·02 (0·83–1·25) 1·11 (0·96–1·29) 1·01 (0·83–1·23) 1·38 (1·22–1·56) 1·23 (1·04–1·46) 1·29 (1·13–1·47) 1·20 (1·02–1·42)
El Salvador 1·58 (1·23–1·93) 1·28 (0·86–1·72) 1·47 (1·10–1·85) 1·29 (0·88–1·72) 1·52 (1·18–1·88) 1·29 (0·89–1·72) 1·78 (1·43–2·13) 1·48 (1·06–1·92) 1·63 (1·28–2·01) 1·50 (1·10–1·92)
Guatemala 1·62 (1·26–1·98) 1·16 (0·73–1·61) 1·40 (1·02–1·80) 1·15 (0·74–1·58) 1·49 (1·13–1·87) 1·17 (0·76–1·59) 1·82 (1·46–2·18) 1·36 (0·93–1·81) 1·53 (1·16–1·93) 1·37 (0·98–1·79)
Honduras 1·71 (1·35–2·11) 1·27 (0·82–1·76) 1·48 (1·07–1·94) 1·25 (0·80–1·73) 1·63 (1·27–2·04) 1·29 (0·87–1·76) 1·79 (1·43–2·19) 1·47 (1·02–1·96) 1·65 (1·25–2·09) 1·48 (1·06–1·95)
Mexico 1·39 (1·19–1·62) 1·15 (0·91–1·41) 1·31 (1·09–1·54) 1·14 (0·90–1·39) 1·33 (1·13–1·55) 1·15 (0·92–1·41) 1·59 (1·39–1·82) 1·35 (1·11–1·61) 1·46 (1·25–1·69) 1·35 (1·12–1·59)
Nicaragua 1·65 (1·30–2·01) 1·29 (0·86–1·73) 1·51 (1·13–1·91) 1·29 (0·87–1·73) 1·64 (1·29–1·99) 1·33 (0·92–1·76) 1·85 (1·50–2·21) 1·49 (1·06–1·93) 1·72 (1·35–2·11) 1·54 (1·13–1·96)
Panama 1·76 (1·49–2·05) 1·49 (1·20–1·81) 1·72 (1·45–2·02) 1·49 (1·21–1·81) 1·64 (1·38–1·93) 1·45 (1·17–1·76) 1·76 (1·49–2·05) 1·69 (1·40–2·01) 1·82 (1·55–2·11) 1·65 (1·37–1·97)
Venezuela 1·79 (1·43–2·19) 1·51 (1·10–1·97) 1·72 (1·35–2·14) 1·52 (1·12–1·97) 1·65 (1·29–2·05) 1·45 (1·04–1·89) 1·79 (1·43–2·19) 1·71 (1·30–2·17) 1·80 (1·44–2·21) 1·66 (1·27–2·10)
Tropical Latin America 1·57 (1·36–1·81) 1·32 (1·08–1·59) 1·52 (1·30–1·76) 1·32 (1·08–1·58) 1·52 (1·31–1·76) 1·32 (1·08–1·59) 1·77 (1·56–2·01) 1·52 (1·28–1·79) 1·68 (1·47–1·92) 1·52 (1·29–1·79)
Brazil 1·57 (1·35–1·81) 1·31 (1·06–1·59) 1·52 (1·29–1·77) 1·31 (1·06–1·59) 1·52 (1·31–1·76) 1·32 (1·07–1·60) 1·77 (1·55–2·01) 1·51 (1·26–1·79) 1·68 (1·46–1·93) 1·52 (1·27–1·79)
Paraguay 1·66 (1·25–2·11) 1·39 (0·93–1·89) 1·61 (1·19–2·06) 1·39 (0·94–1·88) 1·62 (1·21–2·06) 1·41 (0·96–1·90) 1·86 (1·45–2·31) 1·59 (1·13–2·09) 1·77 (1·36–2·22) 1·61 (1·17–2·09)
North Africa and Middle East 1·94 (1·62–2·28) 1·64 (1·28–2·06) 1·80 (1·48–2·14) 1·67 (1·35–2·06) 1·72 (1·40–2·06) 1·63 (1·30–2·04) 2·00 (1·68–2·34) 1·75 (1·40–2·15) 1·76 (1·44–2·10) 1·73 (1·42–2·12)
Afghanistan 3·34 (2·78–3·89) 1·61 (0·90–2·32) 2·30 (1·67–2·92) 1·62 (0·98–2·28) 2·63 (2·00–3·24) 1·52 (0·87–2·18) 3·34 (2·78–3·89) 1·81 (1·10–2·52) 1·95 (1·31–2·57) 1·75 (1·16–2·37)
Algeria 1·79 (1·37–2·18) 1·48 (1·04–1·89) 1·74 (1·32–2·13) 1·49 (1·06–1·89) 1·59 (1·19–1·96) 1·37 (0·96–1·77) 1·79 (1·37–2·18) 1·68 (1·24–2·09) 1·75 (1·36–2·12) 1·58 (1·17–1·97)
Bahrain 1·39 (1·10–1·68) 1·26 (0·92–1·57) 1·37 (1·07–1·65) 1·27 (0·94–1·57) 1·22 (0·91–1·51) 1·17 (0·84–1·49) 1·59 (1·30–1·88) 1·46 (1·12–1·77) 1·41 (1·10–1·69) 1·38 (1·06–1·69)
Egypt 2·38 (1·97–2·82) 2·05 (1·62–2·50) 2·38 (1·97–2·80) 2·06 (1·65–2·50) 2·35 (1·94–2·78) 2·07 (1·64–2·51) 2·38 (1·97–2·82) 2·05 (1·62–2·50) 2·34 (1·95–2·77) 2·07 (1·66–2·51)
Iran 1·31 (1·03–1·58) 1·28 (0·97–1·58) 1·30 (1·02–1·58) 1·28 (0·98–1·58) 1·18 (0·91–1·44) 1·20 (0·90–1·49) 1·51 (1·23–1·78) 1·48 (1·17–1·78) 1·38 (1·11–1·63) 1·40 (1·11–1·68)
Iraq 1·95 (1·63–2·35) 1·59 (1·25–2·01) 1·92 (1·61–2·31) 1·60 (1·28–2·01) 1·69 (1·36–2·09) 1·50 (1·15–1·90) 1·95 (1·63–2·35) 1·79 (1·45–2·21) 1·88 (1·56–2·26) 1·71 (1·38–2·10)
Jordan 1·78 (1·44–2·10) 1·57 (1·20–1·93) 1·75 (1·41–2·08) 1·57 (1·21–1·93) 1·50 (1·09–1·88) 1·40 (0·99–1·80) 1·78 (1·44–2·10) 1·77 (1·40–2·13) 1·68 (1·27–2·06) 1·60 (1·20–1·99)
Kuwait 1·07 (0·89–1·30) 1·14 (0·93–1·39) 1·05 (0·87–1·28) 1·14 (0·93–1·39) 1·04 (0·86–1·26) 1·13 (0·92–1·37) 1·27 (1·09–1·50) 1·34 (1·13–1·59) 1·22 (1·04–1·44) 1·33 (1·13–1·57)
Lebanon 1·44 (1·12–1·80) 1·33 (0·98–1·73) 1·40 (1·09–1·77) 1·33 (0·99–1·73) 1·28 (0·93–1·66) 1·24 (0·88–1·65) 1·64 (1·32–2·00) 1·53 (1·18–1·93) 1·45 (1·11–1·84) 1·45 (1·09–1·85)
Libya 1·13 (0·87–1·43) 1·03 (0·75–1·37) 1·09 (0·84–1·40) 1·03 (0·75–1·36) 0·91 (0·62–1·23) 0·90 (0·60–1·24) 1·33 (1·07–1·63) 1·23 (0·95–1·57) 1·09 (0·80–1·41) 1·10 (0·80–1·44)
Morocco 1·36 (1·05–1·70) 1·02 (0·67–1·40) 1·22 (0·88–1·57) 1·04 (0·69–1·42) 1·28 (0·97–1·61) 1·03 (0·69–1·39) 1·56 (1·25–1·90) 1·22 (0·87–1·60) 1·37 (1·04–1·72) 1·26 (0·92–1·62)
Oman 1·64 (1·27–2·02) 1·29 (0·88–1·72) 1·59 (1·23–1·97) 1·31 (0·92–1·72) 1·30 (0·87–1·73) 1·18 (0·76–1·62) 1·84 (1·47–2·22) 1·49 (1·08–1·92) 1·47 (1·05–1·90) 1·40 (0·98–1·83)
Palestine 2·08 (1·79–2·44) 1·77 (1·43–2·15) 2·05 (1·75–2·40) 1·77 (1·45–2·15) 1·82 (1·47–2·22) 1·65 (1·30–2·05) 2·08 (1·79–2·44) 1·77 (1·43–2·15) 1·80 (1·46–2·19) 1·85 (1·51–2·25)
Qatar 1·43 (1·17–1·69) 1·29 (1·01–1·57) 1·40 (1·15–1·66) 1·28 (1·01–1·57) 1·25 (0·97–1·52) 1·20 (0·91–1·49) 1·63 (1·37–1·89) 1·49 (1·21–1·77) 1·43 (1·15–1·70) 1·40 (1·11–1·68)
Saudi Arabia 1·09 (0·80–1·39) 0·97 (0·65–1·31) 1·06 (0·77–1·37) 0·98 (0·66–1·31) 0·92 (0·62–1·23) 0·89 (0·57–1·22) 1·29 (1·00–1·59) 1·17 (0·85–1·51) 1·11 (0·80–1·41) 1·10 (0·78–1·42)
Sudan 1·93 (1·48–2·44) 1·40 (0·93–1·95) 1·83 (1·37–2·34) 1·42 (0·96–1·96) 1·54 (1·06–2·07) 1·30 (0·83–1·85) 1·93 (1·48–2·44) 1·60 (1·13–2·15) 1·69 (1·22–2·22) 1·53 (1·07–2·07)
Syria 1·57 (1·21–1·98) 1·39 (1·01–1·84) 1·55 (1·20–1·96) 1·40 (1·03–1·84) 1·40 (1·03–1·83) 1·33 (0·95–1·77) 1·77 (1·41–2·18) 1·59 (1·21–2·04) 1·59 (1·22–2·01) 1·53 (1·16–1·97)
Tunisia 1·36 (1·02–1·73) 1·19 (0·82–1·59) 1·33 (0·99–1·71) 1·19 (0·83–1·59) 1·22 (0·88–1·59) 1·14 (0·78–1·53) 1·56 (1·22–1·93) 1·39 (1·02–1·79) 1·40 (1·06–1·76) 1·34 (0·98–1·73)
Türkiye 1·32 (1·13–1·56) 1·17 (0·95–1·42) 1·29 (1·09–1·52) 1·17 (0·96–1·41) 1·15 (0·95–1·39) 1·10 (0·88–1·34) 1·52 (1·33–1·76) 1·37 (1·15–1·62) 1·33 (1·12–1·57) 1·30 (1·09–1·54)
United Arab Emirates 1·53 (1·26–1·81) 1·31 (1·00–1·64) 1·52 (1·26–1·79) 1·31 (1·00–1·63) 1·44 (1·13–1·73) 1·30 (0·97–1·62) 1·73 (1·46–2·01) 1·51 (1·20–1·84) 1·63 (1·33–1·92) 1·50 (1·18–1·82)
Yemen 1·91 (1·32–2·54) 1·22 (0·54–1·95) 1·66 (1·04–2·32) 1·29 (0·64–2·00) 1·63 (1·03–2·26) 1·23 (0·59–1·93) 1·91 (1·32–2·54) 1·42 (0·74–2·15) 1·67 (1·07–2·33) 1·49 (0·88–2·18)
South Asia 1·36 (1·09–1·64) 1·10 (0·80–1·43) 1·27 (1·00–1·56) 1·10 (0·80–1·43) 1·24 (0·97–1·53) 1·09 (0·78–1·41) 1·53 (1·26–1·81) 1·28 (0·97–1·61) 1·38 (1·10–1·67) 1·29 (0·98–1·61)
Bangladesh 1·20 (0·84–1·54) 0·97 (0·57–1·37) 1·17 (0·80–1·52) 1·03 (0·64–1·41) 1·18 (0·83–1·52) 1·02 (0·63–1·41) 1·40 (1·04–1·74) 1·17 (0·77–1·57) 1·36 (1·01–1·71) 1·26 (0·88–1·64)
Bhutan 1·07 (0·73–1·34) 0·69 (0·33–1·00) 0·93 (0·62–1·20) 0·80 (0·48–1·09) 1·05 (0·76–1·30) 0·75 (0·44–1·03) 1·27 (0·93–1·54) 0·89 (0·53–1·20) 1·15 (0·86–1·40) 1·06 (0·76–1·33)
India 1·29 (0·97–1·62) 1·04 (0·67–1·42) 1·22 (0·89–1·57) 1·04 (0·67–1·41) 1·20 (0·88–1·53) 1·04 (0·67–1·41) 1·49 (1·17–1·82) 1·24 (0·87–1·62) 1·35 (1·01–1·69) 1·24 (0·87–1·62)
Nepal 1·18 (0·80–1·53) 0·82 (0·40–1·22) 1·13 (0·77–1·49) 0·94 (0·55–1·32) 1·04 (0·66–1·39) 0·82 (0·43–1·20) 1·38 (1·00–1·73) 1·02 (0·60–1·42) 1·22 (0·86–1·57) 1·11 (0·75–1·48)
Pakistan 1·76 (1·25–2·28) 1·16 (0·59–1·77) 1·56 (1·04–2·11) 1·18 (0·64–1·77) 1·47 (0·93–2·04) 1·12 (0·58–1·72) 1·76 (1·25–2·28) 1·36 (0·79–1·97) 1·54 (1·01–2·11) 1·34 (0·81–1·92)
Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania 1·37 (1·22–1·54) 1·30 (1·11–1·53) 1·32 (1·16–1·49) 1·29 (1·11–1·51) 1·31 (1·15–1·47) 1·27 (1·09–1·50) 1·53 (1·38–1·70) 1·49 (1·30–1·71) 1·45 (1·30–1·62) 1·46 (1·28–1·66)
East Asia 1·14 (0·99–1·30) 1·16 (0·99–1·34) 1·11 (0·96–1·27) 1·16 (0·99–1·34) 1·13 (0·99–1·29) 1·16 (1·00–1·34) 1·34 (1·19–1·50) 1·36 (1·19–1·54) 1·31 (1·16–1·47) 1·36 (1·20–1·54)
China 1·14 (0·99–1·31) 1·16 (0·99–1·35) 1·12 (0·97–1·28) 1·16 (1·00–1·35) 1·14 (0·99–1·30) 1·16 (1·00–1·35) 1·34 (1·19–1·51) 1·36 (1·19–1·55) 1·31 (1·17–1·48) 1·37 (1·20–1·55)
North Korea 1·24 (1·00–1·48) 1·16 (0·90–1·42) 1·19 (0·95–1·43) 1·15 (0·90–1·41) 1·18 (0·94–1·41) 1·13 (0·88–1·39) 1·44 (1·20–1·68) 1·36 (1·10–1·62) 1·34 (1·10–1·58) 1·33 (1·08–1·59)
Taiwan (province of China) 0·90 (0·78–1·04) 0·90 (0·77–1·05) 0·89 (0·77–1·03) 0·90 (0·77–1·05) 0·89 (0·77–1·03) 0·89 (0·76–1·05) 1·10 (0·98–1·24) 1·10 (0·97–1·25) 1·08 (0·96–1·22) 1·10 (0·97–1·25)
Oceania 2·93 (2·45–3·46) 1·67 (1·01–2·35) 2·09 (1·51–2·70) 1·58 (0·98–2·22) 2·38 (1·83–2·96) 1·55 (0·93–2·20) 2·93 (2·45–3·46) 1·86 (1·20–2·54) 1·81 (1·22–2·43) 1·68 (1·10–2·32)
American Samoa 1·98 (1·67–2·31) 1·68 (1·34–2·05) 1·84 (1·50–2·19) 1·68 (1·34–2·04) 1·84 (1·51–2·18) 1·61 (1·27–1·97) 1·98 (1·67–2·31) 1·88 (1·54–2·25) 1·89 (1·56–2·24) 1·81 (1·48–2·17)
Cook Islands 1·40 (1·14–1·72) 1·25 (0·96–1·58) 1·36 (1·10–1·68) 1·24 (0·96–1·57) 1·37 (1·11–1·67) 1·25 (0·97–1·58) 1·60 (1·34–1·92) 1·45 (1·16–1·78) 1·53 (1·27–1·84) 1·45 (1·17–1·77)
Federated States of Micronesia 1·82 (1·39–2·33) 1·46 (0·96–2·05) 1·74 (1·30–2·27) 1·46 (0·97–2·04) 1·56 (1·11–2·09) 1·35 (0·87–1·93) 1·82 (1·39–2·33) 1·66 (1·16–2·25) 1·71 (1·26–2·24) 1·56 (1·07–2·13)
Fiji 1·95 (1·61–2·31) 1·64 (1·28–2·04) 1·92 (1·58–2·30) 1·65 (1·30–2·04) 1·84 (1·52–2·20) 1·62 (1·27–2·01) 1·95 (1·61–2·31) 1·84 (1·48–2·24) 1·82 (1·50–2·19) 1·83 (1·48–2·21)
Guam 2·07 (1·76–2·38) 1·76 (1·42–2·09) 2·01 (1·70–2·33) 1·73 (1·40–2·07) 1·98 (1·66–2·30) 1·71 (1·38–2·05) 2·07 (1·76–2·38) 1·76 (1·42–2·09) 1·93 (1·62–2·25) 1·89 (1·56–2·22)
Kiribati 2·13 (1·70–2·62) 1·67 (1·19–2·21) 2·12 (1·69–2·60) 1·68 (1·22–2·21) 1·78 (1·34–2·27) 1·52 (1·06–2·05) 2·13 (1·70–2·62) 1·87 (1·39–2·41) 1·78 (1·34–2·26) 1·74 (1·28–2·26)
Marshall Islands 1·98 (1·67–2·32) 1·65 (1·31–2·02) 1·86 (1·53–2·20) 1·64 (1·31–2·00) 1·94 (1·64–2·27) 1·66 (1·33–2·03) 1·98 (1·67–2·32) 1·85 (1·51–2·22) 1·84 (1·52–2·18) 1·86 (1·53–2·22)
Nauru 2·40 (1·93–2·95) 1·91 (1·39–2·51) 2·27 (1·79–2·84) 1·90 (1·40–2·49) 2·04 (1·53–2·62) 1·76 (1·25–2·36) 2·40 (1·93–2·95) 1·91 (1·39–2·51) 1·95 (1·45–2·54) 1·76 (1·26–2·35)
Niue 1·71 (1·37–2·08) 1·50 (1·13–1·90) 1·66 (1·32–2·04) 1·50 (1·13–1·90) 1·61 (1·28–1·97) 1·47 (1·10–1·86) 1·87 (1·53–2·24) 1·70 (1·33–2·10) 1·78 (1·44–2·14) 1·67 (1·31–2·06)
Northern Mariana Islands 1·67 (1·36–2·01) 1·50 (1·17–1·88) 1·58 (1·27–1·94) 1·49 (1·17–1·86) 1·57 (1·26–1·91) 1·44 (1·11–1·81) 1·87 (1·56–2·21) 1·70 (1·37–2·08) 1·70 (1·38–2·06) 1·64 (1·31–2·00)
Palau 1·65 (1·37–1·92) 1·44 (1·14–1·74) 1·58 (1·29–1·85) 1·43 (1·14–1·72) 1·51 (1·24–1·76) 1·38 (1·09–1·66) 1·85 (1·57–2·12) 1·64 (1·34–1·94) 1·66 (1·38–1·92) 1·57 (1·29–1·85)
Papua New Guinea 3·03 (2·50–3·58) 1·64 (0·94–2·35) 2·08 (1·45–2·72) 1·52 (0·87–2·22) 2·45 (1·84–3·06) 1·53 (0·88–2·22) 3·03 (2·50–3·58) 1·84 (1·14–2·55) 1·79 (1·15–2·46) 1·65 (1·02–2·33)
Samoa 3·18 (2·69–3·68) 2·57 (1·98–3·14) 3·07 (2·56–3·59) 2·54 (1·95–3·12) 2·51 (1·90–3·07) 2·17 (1·55–2·75) 3·18 (2·69–3·68) 2·57 (1·98–3·14) 2·45 (1·83–3·03) 2·16 (1·54–2·75)
Solomon Islands 2·51 (2·10–2·90) 1·70 (1·21–2·21) 2·19 (1·73–2·67) 1·74 (1·25–2·26) 2·01 (1·53–2·47) 1·49 (1·00–1·99) 2·51 (2·10–2·90) 1·90 (1·41–2·41) 1·82 (1·34–2·31) 1·73 (1·26–2·24)
Tokelau 1·54 (1·17–1·94) 1·34 (0·94–1·78) 1·46 (1·09–1·88) 1·33 (0·94–1·76) 1·42 (1·07–1·82) 1·30 (0·92–1·73) 1·74 (1·37–2·14) 1·54 (1·14–1·98) 1·56 (1·21–1·97) 1·49 (1·12–1·92)
Tonga 3·04 (2·58–3·50) 2·45 (1·93–2·98) 2·90 (2·43–3·39) 2·43 (1·92–2·95) 2·47 (1·91–3·00) 2·14 (1·58–2·68) 3·04 (2·58–3·50) 2·45 (1·93–2·98) 2·38 (1·83–2·91) 2·13 (1·59–2·65)
Tuvalu 2·20 (1·71–2·70) 1·71 (1·17–2·26) 2·15 (1·65–2·65) 1·72 (1·19–2·25) 1·84 (1·34–2·35) 1·58 (1·06–2·11) 2·20 (1·71–2·70) 1·91 (1·37–2·46) 1·81 (1·31–2·31) 1·79 (1·28–2·31)
Vanuatu 2·44 (2·06–2·87) 1·79 (1·33–2·31) 2·21 (1·79–2·69) 1·79 (1·34–2·30) 2·04 (1·63–2·50) 1·62 (1·18–2·13) 2·44 (2·06–2·87) 1·79 (1·33–2·31) 1·90 (1·48–2·38) 1·84 (1·40–2·33)
Southeast Asia 1·60 (1·40–1·83) 1·35 (1·14–1·60) 1·54 (1·34–1·78) 1·35 (1·13–1·60) 1·48 (1·28–1·71) 1·31 (1·10–1·57) 1·74 (1·54–1·98) 1·54 (1·32–1·80) 1·63 (1·43–1·87) 1·51 (1·29–1·76)
Cambodia 1·65 (1·32–1·93) 1·10 (0·71–1·45) 1·36 (1·00–1·68) 1·08 (0·70–1·43) 1·49 (1·14–1·78) 1·12 (0·75–1·44) 1·77 (1·44–2·05) 1·30 (0·91–1·65) 1·47 (1·11–1·78) 1·30 (0·93–1·62)
Indonesia 1·53 (1·25–1·84) 1·29 (0·99–1·63) 1·51 (1·23–1·82) 1·30 (1·00–1·63) 1·44 (1·17–1·74) 1·26 (0·97–1·60) 1·73 (1·45–2·04) 1·49 (1·19–1·83) 1·62 (1·35–1·92) 1·47 (1·18–1·80)
Laos 1·61 (1·29–1·88) 1·09 (0·73–1·40) 1·43 (1·08–1·72) 1·14 (0·78–1·44) 1·53 (1·22–1·79) 1·14 (0·79–1·44) 1·81 (1·49–2·08) 1·29 (0·93–1·60) 1·60 (1·25–1·89) 1·39 (1·02–1·70)
Malaysia 1·39 (1·11–1·70) 1·17 (0·86–1·52) 1·35 (1·07–1·67) 1·19 (0·88–1·53) 1·32 (1·06–1·62) 1·17 (0·87–1·50) 1·59 (1·31–1·90) 1·37 (1·06–1·72) 1·49 (1·23–1·80) 1·38 (1·09–1·71)
Maldives 1·07 (0·79–1·34) 0·77 (0·42–1·11) 0·97 (0·67–1·27) 0·79 (0·45–1·13) 0·84 (0·52–1·15) 0·71 (0·37–1·05) 1·27 (0·99–1·54) 0·97 (0·62–1·31) 0·98 (0·67–1·30) 0·93 (0·60–1·27)
Mauritius 1·17 (0·94–1·42) 1·03 (0·77–1·32) 1·16 (0·93–1·41) 1·04 (0·78–1·33) 0·97 (0·72–1·24) 0·92 (0·66–1·21) 1·37 (1·14–1·62) 1·23 (0·97–1·52) 1·16 (0·92–1·43) 1·13 (0·87–1·42)
Myanmar 1·69 (1·42–1·97) 1·22 (0·89–1·57) 1·48 (1·17–1·81) 1·22 (0·88–1·56) 1·63 (1·37–1·91) 1·27 (0·95–1·61) 1·77 (1·50–2·05) 1·42 (1·09–1·77) 1·66 (1·37–1·98) 1·47 (1·14–1·81)
Philippines 1·84 (1·61–2·11) 1·50 (1·23–1·79) 1·78 (1·54–2·05) 1·48 (1·21–1·77) 1·62 (1·36–1·90) 1·43 (1·16–1·72) 1·84 (1·61–2·11) 1·70 (1·43–1·99) 1·78 (1·52–2·06) 1·62 (1·35–1·91)
Seychelles 1·86 (1·60–2·14) 1·60 (1·31–1·91) 1·85 (1·58–2·13) 1·61 (1·33–1·91) 1·83 (1·57–2·10) 1·61 (1·33–1·91) 1·86 (1·60–2·14) 1·80 (1·51–2·11) 1·81 (1·55–2·09) 1·82 (1·54–2·12)
Sri Lanka 1·50 (1·24–1·81) 1·30 (0·99–1·66) 1·47 (1·20–1·79) 1·29 (0·99–1·66) 1·40 (1·14–1·72) 1·28 (0·99–1·63) 1·70 (1·44–2·01) 1·50 (1·19–1·86) 1·58 (1·31–1·89) 1·48 (1·19–1·83)
Thailand 1·13 (0·96–1·31) 1·04 (0·86–1·24) 1·13 (0·97–1·31) 1·04 (0·86–1·24) 1·08 (0·92–1·25) 1·02 (0·83–1·21) 1·33 (1·16–1·51) 1·24 (1·06–1·44) 1·28 (1·12–1·45) 1·22 (1·04–1·41)
Timor-Leste 2·27 (1·62–2·90) 1·58 (0·85–2·30) 2·18 (1·54–2·83) 1·61 (0·92–2·32) 1·86 (1·18–2·53) 1·45 (0·75–2·15) 2·27 (1·62–2·90) 1·78 (1·05–2·50) 1·83 (1·14–2·50) 1·70 (1·01–2·39)
Viet Nam 1·63 (1·38–1·93) 1·38 (1·10–1·70) 1·59 (1·34–1·88) 1·36 (1·09–1·69) 1·53 (1·29–1·82) 1·35 (1·07–1·67) 1·83 (1·58–2·13) 1·58 (1·30–1·90) 1·70 (1·44–1·99) 1·53 (1·26–1·85)
Sub-Saharan Africa 2·72 (2·32–3·15) 1·82 (1·35–2·32) 2·27 (1·83–2·74) 1·80 (1·37–2·28) 2·29 (1·88–2·73) 1·73 (1·29–2·22) 2·73 (2·33–3·16) 1·89 (1·42–2·40) 2·03 (1·60–2·49) 1·82 (1·41–2·31)
Central sub-Saharan Africa 2·52 (2·05–2·94) 1·86 (1·37–2·31) 2·38 (1·91–2·82) 1·89 (1·42–2·34) 2·06 (1·61–2·48) 1·77 (1·31–2·21) 2·52 (2·05–2·94) 1·86 (1·38–2·31) 2·01 (1·55–2·43) 1·93 (1·48–2·36)
Angola 2·76 (2·21–3·35) 1·97 (1·37–2·62) 2·61 (2·06–3·22) 2·03 (1·46–2·67) 2·30 (1·74–2·91) 1·87 (1·30–2·51) 2·76 (2·21–3·35) 1·97 (1·37–2·62) 2·23 (1·69–2·83) 1·93 (1·39–2·55)
Central African Republic 2·36 (1·86–2·88) 1·35 (0·77–2·03) 1·94 (1·38–2·54) 1·41 (0·81–2·10) 1·74 (1·22–2·29) 1·17 (0·59–1·83) 2·36 (1·86–2·88) 1·55 (0·97–2·23) 1·73 (1·17–2·35) 1·45 (0·85–2·13)
Congo (Brazzaville) 1·90 (1·54–2·32) 1·49 (1·11–1·93) 1·86 (1·51–2·27) 1·49 (1·13–1·92) 1·64 (1·29–2·05) 1·45 (1·08–1·88) 1·90 (1·54–2·32) 1·69 (1·31–2·13) 1·81 (1·46–2·22) 1·65 (1·29–2·07)
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2·46 (1·82–3·03) 1·76 (1·09–2·38) 2·34 (1·69–2·93) 1·78 (1·13–2·40) 2·00 (1·37–2·56) 1·67 (1·02–2·27) 2·46 (1·82–3·03) 1·76 (1·09–2·38) 1·93 (1·31–2·49) 1·89 (1·26–2·49)
Equatorial Guinea 2·19 (1·70–2·75) 1·83 (1·29–2·43) 2·19 (1·71–2·74) 1·83 (1·32–2·42) 1·90 (1·35–2·49) 1·76 (1·23–2·37) 2·19 (1·70–2·75) 1·83 (1·29–2·43) 1·90 (1·37–2·49) 1·77 (1·25–2·36)
Gabon 1·93 (1·41–2·52) 1·56 (1·02–2·19) 1·88 (1·37–2·47) 1·56 (1·03–2·17) 1·68 (1·17–2·27) 1·51 (0·97–2·12) 1·93 (1·41–2·52) 1·76 (1·22–2·39) 1·85 (1·34–2·44) 1·71 (1·18–2·31)
Eastern sub-Saharan Africa 2·50 (2·04–2·96) 1·68 (1·17–2·22) 2·11 (1·64–2·61) 1·70 (1·22–2·21) 2·17 (1·72–2·65) 1·61 (1·12–2·13) 2·50 (2·04–2·96) 1·80 (1·29–2·34) 1·98 (1·51–2·48) 1·77 (1·30–2·27)
Burundi 2·74 (2·16–3·31) 1·55 (0·83–2·25) 2·11 (1·45–2·77) 1·55 (0·86–2·24) 2·20 (1·53–2·84) 1·48 (0·80–2·18) 2·74 (2·16–3·31) 1·75 (1·03–2·45) 1·80 (1·11–2·48) 1·69 (1·03–2·39)
Comoros 1·73 (1·17–2·33) 1·23 (0·60–1·92) 1·66 (1·10–2·26) 1·26 (0·66–1·92) 1·42 (0·82–2·05) 1·17 (0·56–1·84) 1·73 (1·17–2·33) 1·43 (0·80–2·12) 1·58 (1·00–2·21) 1·40 (0·81–2·05)
Djibouti 1·41 (0·92–1·88) 0·95 (0·38–1·51) 1·26 (0·78–1·76) 1·00 (0·47–1·54) 1·27 (0·79–1·75) 0·96 (0·43–1·50) 1·61 (1·12–2·08) 1·15 (0·58–1·71) 1·36 (0·89–1·86) 1·20 (0·71–1·73)
Eritrea 2·20 (1·52–2·86) 1·28 (0·49–2·09) 1·84 (1·15–2·55) 1·32 (0·59–2·09) 1·62 (0·87–2·35) 1·15 (0·41–1·92) 2·20 (1·52–2·86) 1·48 (0·69–2·29) 1·63 (0·91–2·37) 1·39 (0·69–2·13)
Ethiopia 2·40 (1·86–2·89) 1·29 (0·64–1·87) 1·73 (1·15–2·27) 1·30 (0·72–1·86) 2·14 (1·60–2·63) 1·32 (0·75–1·86) 2·40 (1·86–2·89) 1·49 (0·84–2·07) 1·83 (1·28–2·35) 1·53 (1·00–2·06)
Kenya 1·84 (1·39–2·35) 1·45 (0·96–2·01) 1·80 (1·34–2·31) 1·48 (1·00–2·03) 1·77 (1·33–2·26) 1·46 (0·98–2·01) 1·84 (1·39–2·35) 1·65 (1·16–2·21) 1·77 (1·34–2·28) 1·68 (1·22–2·23)
Madagascar 2·33 (1·91–2·78) 1·70 (1·23–2·22) 2·14 (1·69–2·61) 1·71 (1·24–2·21) 2·19 (1·77–2·62) 1·73 (1·25–2·25) 2·33 (1·91–2·78) 1·90 (1·43–2·42) 2·04 (1·60–2·50) 1·93 (1·46–2·45)
Malawi 2·03 (1·46–2·57) 1·55 (0·94–2·14) 1·94 (1·36–2·48) 1·59 (1·01–2·16) 2·00 (1·42–2·53) 1·62 (1·02–2·22) 2·03 (1·46–2·57) 1·75 (1·14–2·34) 1·92 (1·35–2·47) 1·86 (1·27–2·45)
Mozambique 2·44 (1·91–2·93) 1·55 (0·95–2·14) 2·09 (1·52–2·65) 1·64 (1·07–2·21) 2·16 (1·62–2·67) 1·56 (0·99–2·13) 2·44 (1·91–2·93) 1·75 (1·15–2·34) 1·93 (1·37–2·49) 1·85 (1·29–2·42)
Rwanda 1·97 (1·54–2·42) 1·24 (0·76–1·77) 1·60 (1·15–2·08) 1·22 (0·76–1·73) 1·76 (1·35–2·20) 1·21 (0·77–1·70) 1·97 (1·54–2·42) 1·44 (0·96–1·97) 1·67 (1·25–2·14) 1·40 (0·97–1·89)
Somalia 4·30 (3·92–4·68) 2·45 (1·92–3·00) 3·15 (2·68–3·62) 2·37 (1·87–2·90) 2·73 (2·15–3·28) 1·69 (1·14–2·24) 4·30 (3·92–4·68) 2·45 (1·92–3·00) 2·15 (1·59–2·69) 1·91 (1·39–2·44)
South Sudan 4·09 (3·59–4·64) 1·98 (1·22–2·75) 2·67 (1·98–3·34) 1·91 (1·18–2·65) 2·54 (1·77–3·26) 1·35 (0·58–2·11) 4·09 (3·59–4·64) 1·98 (1·22–2·75) 1·77 (1·00–2·53) 1·56 (0·82–2·32)
Tanzania 2·42 (2·02–2·86) 1·70 (1·23–2·20) 2·25 (1·81–2·72) 1·74 (1·28–2·24) 2·20 (1·79–2·64) 1·70 (1·24–2·20) 2·42 (2·02–2·86) 1·90 (1·43–2·40) 2·08 (1·66–2·54) 1·75 (1·30–2·25)
Uganda 2·72 (2·26–3·19) 1·98 (1·48–2·50) 2·59 (2·13–3·07) 2·01 (1·54–2·51) 2·49 (2·05–2·96) 2·00 (1·51–2·51) 2·72 (2·26–3·19) 1·98 (1·48–2·50) 2·40 (1·95–2·88) 2·03 (1·56–2·53)
Zambia 2·39 (1·88–2·91) 1·83 (1·28–2·40) 2·31 (1·80–2·83) 1·83 (1·31–2·39) 2·25 (1·77–2·77) 1·85 (1·32–2·43) 2·39 (1·88–2·91) 1·83 (1·28–2·40) 2·19 (1·70–2·72) 1·85 (1·33–2·43)
Southern sub-Saharan Africa 1·94 (1·67–2·21) 1·63 (1·29–1·99) 1·92 (1·66–2·20) 1·63 (1·30–2·00) 1·86 (1·61–2·13) 1·62 (1·29–2·00) 2·07 (1·80–2·34) 1·76 (1·44–2·09) 1·99 (1·73–2·25) 1·75 (1·44–2·10)
Botswana 1·70 (1·31–2·12) 1·38 (0·94–1·84) 1·70 (1·32–2·12) 1·39 (0·96–1·85) 1·68 (1·30–2·10) 1·41 (0·98–1·88) 1·82 (1·43–2·24) 1·58 (1·14–2·04) 1·88 (1·51–2·30) 1·62 (1·20–2·08)
Eswatini 1·98 (1·62–2·36) 1·53 (1·13–1·95) 1·93 (1·56–2·32) 1·55 (1·16–1·97) 1·96 (1·60–2·34) 1·59 (1·20–2·03) 1·98 (1·62–2·36) 1·73 (1·33–2·15) 1·92 (1·55–2·30) 1·81 (1·42–2·24)
Lesotho 1·88 (1·50–2·34) 1·47 (1·03–1·98) 1·78 (1·38–2·25) 1·45 (1·01–1·95) 1·82 (1·45–2·27) 1·49 (1·06–2·01) 1·88 (1·50–2·34) 1·67 (1·23–2·18) 1·78 (1·39–2·24) 1·67 (1·25–2·18)
Namibia 2·03 (1·70–2·40) 1·62 (1·24–2·03) 2·00 (1·67–2·37) 1·63 (1·26–2·04) 1·96 (1·63–2·32) 1·63 (1·26–2·04) 2·03 (1·70–2·40) 1·82 (1·44–2·23) 1·93 (1·60–2·29) 1·84 (1·47–2·25)
South Africa 1·69 (1·46–1·89) 1·45 (1·20–1·67) 1·67 (1·45–1·88) 1·44 (1·19–1·66) 1·60 (1·39–1·79) 1·41 (1·17–1·62) 1·89 (1·66–2·09) 1·65 (1·40–1·87) 1·79 (1·58–1·98) 1·60 (1·37–1·82)
Zimbabwe 2·56 (2·12–3·01) 2·01 (1·52–2·51) 2·55 (2·11–3·00) 2·04 (1·55–2·53) 2·51 (2·09–2·95) 2·05 (1·57–2·56) 2·56 (2·12–3·01) 2·01 (1·52–2·51) 2·50 (2·08–2·94) 2·07 (1·59–2·58)
Western sub-Saharan Africa 3·03 (2·60–3·48) 1·89 (1·39–2·44) 2·40 (1·93–2·91) 1·85 (1·38–2·39) 2·49 (2·05–2·95) 1·80 (1·32–2·33) 3·04 (2·60–3·48) 1·94 (1·44–2·49) 2·08 (1·61–2·57) 1·83 (1·38–2·36)
Benin 3·12 (2·65–3·60) 1·58 (0·95–2·18) 2·26 (1·70–2·80) 1·55 (0·96–2·14) 2·33 (1·75–2·87) 1·46 (0·88–2·03) 3·12 (2·65–3·60) 1·78 (1·15–2·38) 1·81 (1·21–2·36) 1·66 (1·08–2·22)
Burkina Faso 3·76 (3·23–4·28) 1·62 (0·89–2·26) 2·12 (1·42–2·73) 1·53 (0·84–2·15) 3·20 (2·61–3·75) 1·62 (0·93–2·24) 3·76 (3·23–4·28) 1·82 (1·09–2·46) 1·95 (1·27–2·56) 1·75 (1·08–2·38)
Cabo Verde 1·09 (0·73–1·48) 0·91 (0·51–1·34) 1·07 (0·71–1·46) 0·94 (0·55–1·35) 1·08 (0·73–1·46) 0·95 (0·57–1·37) 1·29 (0·93–1·68) 1·11 (0·71–1·54) 1·26 (0·92–1·65) 1·17 (0·80–1·58)
Cameroon 2·44 (1·92–3·03) 1·71 (1·13–2·36) 2·35 (1·82–2·94) 1·74 (1·19–2·36) 2·12 (1·62–2·69) 1·69 (1·13–2·31) 2·44 (1·92–3·03) 1·91 (1·33–2·56) 2·06 (1·55–2·64) 1·92 (1·38–2·53)
Chad 4·81 (4·45–5·18) 2·15 (1·65–2·71) 3·04 (2·57–3·57) 2·10 (1·63–2·65) 3·28 (2·77–3·82) 1·73 (1·26–2·28) 4·81 (4·45–5·18) 2·15 (1·65–2·71) 2·26 (1·73–2·83) 1·77 (1·30–2·33)
Côte d'Ivoire 2·57 (2·11–3·04) 1·44 (0·87–1·99) 2·03 (1·53–2·53) 1·45 (0·93–1·98) 2·13 (1·65–2·63) 1·42 (0·91–1·94) 2·57 (2·11–3·04) 1·64 (1·07–2·19) 1·78 (1·28–2·29) 1·65 (1·15–2·18)
The Gambia 2·21 (1·81–2·61) 1·37 (0·92–1·87) 1·88 (1·49–2·33) 1·41 (0·98–1·88) 1·73 (1·31–2·18) 1·25 (0·81–1·73) 2·21 (1·81–2·61) 1·57 (1·12–2·07) 1·75 (1·33–2·21) 1·50 (1·08–1·97)
Ghana 2·12 (1·57–2·71) 1·57 (0·97–2·20) 2·04 (1·48–2·63) 1·57 (0·98–2·19) 1·81 (1·26–2·39) 1·51 (0·92–2·13) 2·12 (1·57–2·71) 1·77 (1·17–2·40) 1·76 (1·20–2·34) 1·71 (1·14–2·32)
Guinea 3·02 (2·58–3·43) 1·42 (0·81–2·00) 2·02 (1·44–2·54) 1·40 (0·81–1·95) 2·20 (1·62–2·70) 1·28 (0·70–1·80) 3·02 (2·58–3·43) 1·62 (1·01–2·20) 1·81 (1·23–2·33) 1·49 (0·95–2·01)
Guinea-Bissau 2·41 (1·88–2·91) 1·26 (0·63–1·86) 1·80 (1·23–2·35) 1·30 (0·72–1·87) 2·01 (1·47–2·54) 1·25 (0·68–1·82) 2·41 (1·88–2·91) 1·46 (0·83–2·06) 1·81 (1·26–2·37) 1·51 (0·97–2·07)
Liberia 2·10 (1·52–2·71) 1·47 (0·85–2·14) 1·94 (1·34–2·58) 1·52 (0·91–2·18) 1·83 (1·25–2·45) 1·45 (0·85–2·11) 2·10 (1·52–2·71) 1·67 (1·05–2·34) 1·77 (1·18–2·41) 1·70 (1·11–2·36)
Mali 4·21 (3·83–4·63) 1·85 (1·30–2·42) 2·42 (1·86–3·01) 1·70 (1·15–2·28) 3·37 (2·87–3·88) 1·79 (1·26–2·33) 4·21 (3·83–4·63) 1·85 (1·30–2·42) 2·12 (1·56–2·70) 1·89 (1·35–2·49)
Mauritania 2·50 (1·98–3·08) 1·66 (1·04–2·34) 2·24 (1·68–2·85) 1·66 (1·07–2·32) 1·97 (1·40–2·57) 1·54 (0·95–2·19) 2·50 (1·98–3·08) 1·86 (1·24–2·54) 1·81 (1·23–2·43) 1·75 (1·17–2·39)
Niger 5·15 (4·68–5·64) 2·24 (1·48–2·92) 2·74 (2·00–3·40) 1·99 (1·28–2·64) 4·34 (3·75–4·89) 2·20 (1·50–2·85) 5·15 (4·68–5·64) 2·24 (1·48–2·92) 2·52 (1·83–3·17) 2·02 (1·36–2·67)
Nigeria 2·69 (2·06–3·31) 1·87 (1·19–2·54) 2·54 (1·88–3·17) 1·90 (1·22–2·56) 2·25 (1·63–2·82) 1·78 (1·12–2·43) 2·69 (2·06–3·31) 1·87 (1·19–2·54) 2·16 (1·53–2·76) 1·81 (1·15–2·46)
São Tomé and Príncipe 1·77 (1·29–2·28) 1·37 (0·83–1·94) 1·67 (1·18–2·19) 1·38 (0·87–1·93) 1·61 (1·12–2·12) 1·35 (0·83–1·90) 1·77 (1·29–2·28) 1·57 (1·03–2·14) 1·74 (1·25–2·26) 1·57 (1·06–2·11)
Senegal 2·32 (1·79–2·79) 1·25 (0·60–1·83) 1·66 (1·08–2·18) 1·24 (0·62–1·80) 1·98 (1·44–2·48) 1·26 (0·67–1·79) 2·32 (1·79–2·79) 1·45 (0·80–2·03) 1·70 (1·14–2·22) 1·45 (0·88–1·97)
Sierra Leone 2·43 (1·99–2·85) 1·31 (0·78–1·82) 1·78 (1·27–2·28) 1·28 (0·76–1·80) 2·04 (1·59–2·47) 1·29 (0·77–1·80) 2·43 (1·99–2·85) 1·51 (0·98–2·02) 1·79 (1·29–2·29) 1·49 (0·97–2·02)
Togo 2·01 (1·61–2·42) 1·24 (0·79–1·72) 1·75 (1·32–2·18) 1·28 (0·84–1·74) 1·65 (1·24–2·08) 1·21 (0·78–1·67) 2·01 (1·61–2·42) 1·44 (0·99–1·92) 1·69 (1·26–2·14) 1·45 (1·03–1·90)

Numbers in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. Super-regions, regions, and countries are listed in alphabetical order. SDG=Sustainable Development Goal.