Figure 2.

Pathologic model presenting oral dysbiosis and microbial metabolite with disturbed pathways influencing oral cancer development. In disease-free conditions, the oral microbial flora and their related biochemical pathways are in harmony to maintain a healthy oral environment. Disturbances in the host and oral microbiome can result in oral dysbiosis with disturbed biochemical pathways. Continued oral infection and oral dysbiosis affect the carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. The bacterial end-product in saliva as salivary metabolites can have carcinogenic effects, resulting in oral cancer.