Table 2.
Improvement of vaccine design and progression of development pathway.
| Vaccine | Type | Status | Reference | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urease | Oral Recombinant | I | [167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174] | 1996–2004 |
| Whole cell | Oral | I | [175] | 2001 |
| Imevax/IMX101 | Multicomponent | I | [176] | Ongoing |
| VacA, CagA, NAP (NCT00736476) | Recombinant | I/II | [177] | 2018 |
| HpaA expression by Vibrio cholera | Recombinant | Preclinical | [178] | 2017 |
| Cholera toxin B and H. pylori Lpp20 | Epitope | Preclinical | [179] | 2016 |
| H. pylori vaccine | Oral recombinant | III | [180] | 2015 |
| CTB-UreI-UreB (BIB) | Recombinant multi-epitope | Preclinical | [181] | 2014 |
| HelicoVax | Multi-epitope | Preclinical | [182] | 2011 |