Table 7.

Mapping ICT into IoT Architecture Layers (From Processing to Application Layer).

Architecture Layer	Component	Technology
Processing (oriented to Application)	Data analysis and classification [75,76,77,78]	- Data mining, correlation and regression analysis, time-based and cluster analysis - Machine Learning and AI-Based classification - Expert-driven classification tuning based on additional data (e.g., metadata tagging)
	Data processing and correlation [79,80,81,82,83,84]	- Edge, Fog and Cluod Computing - Machine Learning and Artificial intelligence - Behavioral Analytics and gesture recognition - Predictive Analytics
	Alert generation for Decision Making support [85,86,87,88]	- Data and events correlation, anomaly detection, parameter threshold-based trigger, rule-based alerts. - Dynamic decision support systems
	Customized content generation for a personalized patient interaction [89,90,91,92]	- Natural Language Processing technology - Application- oriented content creation (static and interactive) based on the data analysis (e.g., treatment plan, visit scheduling, lifestyle advice, prevention and health management advice, training etc.)
Application	Tele-monitoring (nurse) [93,94]	- Patient’s healthcare status progress monitoring innovative multimedia interfaces
	Treatment Management (nurse) [95,96]	- Exploiting AI algorithms for dynamic updates based on the patient’s healthcare status progress, adaptive and real-time therapy reminders.
	Visit Planning management [97,98]	- Exploiting data analysis for time and resources management, patient visit planning.
	Data sharing and communication (patient/nurse) [99,100,101,102]	- Efficient data sharing interfaces - Automatic short report creation - Real-time translation tools for overcoming linguistic barriers.
	Tele-consultations (patient-nurse, nurse-nurse, etc.) [103,104,105,106]	- Video conference and data sharing tools - Augmented Reality for advanced interactions among professionals
	Remote Laboratory (nurse) [107]	- Video conference and data sharing tools, avatar, AI, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality for remote guiding.
	Learning/training (patient/nurse) [108,109,110]	- Virtual coaching - Augmented Reality educational and training programs for both patients and nurses.
	User Acceptance management (patient/nurse) [111,112,113]	- Tools for gathering end-user feedback, such as system usability scale (SUS), user experience questionnaire (UEQ), technology acceptance model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and customized questionnaire defined based on the specific system under evaluation. - Advanced user-transparent monitoring mechanisms for gathering information on the use of the system by the users’ and dynamically help them in real time (e.g., support of an adaptive virtual assistant).