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. 2024 Apr 29;16(5):603. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050603

Figure 3.

Figure 3

SDT Mechanisms for the treatment of tumors. (A) Mechanisms of ICD induction: schematic illustration of necroptosis-inducible NBs for antitumor immune response. Upon US irradiation, NBs generate ROS and induce the cavitation effect. NB-mediated necroptosis provokes release of intact DAMPs, allowing for in situ cancer vaccination. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [30]. Copyright 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (B) Concept of US-induced tumor VN using O2-MBs. The local oxygen release within tumors during O2-MB treatment enhanced oxygenation and inhibited the hypoxia/angiogenesis pathway, allowing VN to be achieved. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [36]. (C) Mechanisms for regulating ROS: schematic illustration of M@C for enhancing the SDT efficiency in hypoxic tumors. Oxygen self-contained hybrid sonic sensitizer based on photosynthetic microbial cyanobacteria integrating ultra-small anoxic bimetallic oxide Mn1.4WOx nano-sonar sensitizer referred to as M@C. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [37]. Copyright 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.