Figure 7.

Combined treatment with SDT and immunotherapy. (A) Antitumor immune responses induced by SDT in combination with immunoadjuvant-containing nano photosensitizers and checkpoint blockers. (B) Synthesis and characterizations of the composite nanosonosensitisers. (a) Schematic illustration of the construction of HMME/R837@Lipnanosonosensitisers and their microstructures; (b) TEM image showing the quasi-spherical morphology of HMME/R837@Lip with high dispersity; (c) hydrodynamic diameters of HMME/R837@Lip nanosonosensitisers in PBS as measured by DLS; (d) UV-vis absorbance spectra of Lip, HMME, HMME@Lip and HMME/R837@Lip, indicating the successful encapsulation of HMME into the nano-liposome; (e) zeta potential of Lip, HMME@Lip and HMME/R837@Lip; (f) scheme of US-triggered ¹O₂ production as assisted by HMME/R837@Lip; (g) ESR spectra of HMME/R837@Lip with or without US treatment; (h) time-dependent DPBF absorption spectra in the presence of HMME/R837@Lip under US irradiation for varied durations. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [104].