Table 1.
Overall prevalence estimates for pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and RCIs hesitancy by demographic indicators and psycho-social characteristics among parents of children aged 5–11 years, United States, November 2021–July 2022, National Immunization Survey—Child COVID Module.
| Sample Distribution | Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy a |
RCIs Hesitancy b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Weighted % (95% CI) | Weighted % (95% CI) | (95% CI) |
| Child’s Age (years) | |||
| 5–6 (Referent) | 25.3 (24.7–26.0) | 36.2 (34.7–37.7) | 25.9 (24.5–27.3) |
| 7–9 | 40.0 (39.2–40.7) | 36.0 (34.8–37.2) | 24.8 (23.7–25.9) |
| 10–11 | 34.7 (34.0–35.5) | 33.3 (32.0–34.6) | 24.4 (23.3–25.7) |
| Child’s Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 27.7 (26.9–28.4) | 26.9 (25.3–28.5) | 24.5 (23.0–26.0) |
| White, non-Hispanic (Referent) | 48.4 (47.6–49.1) | 43.2 (42.1–44.2) | 23.6 (22.7–24.5) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 13.9 (13.3–14.4) | 29.3 (27.3–31.4) | 32.0 (30.0–34.1) |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 3.7 (3.4–3.9) | 11.7 (9.3–14.6) | 18.8 (16.2–21.7) |
| Multiple races/other, non-Hispanic | 6.5 (6.1–6.8) | 35.5 (32.9–38.2) | 25.8 (23.4–28.4) |
| Relationship of Respondent to Child | |||
| Mother (Referent) | 56.2 (55.5–57.0) | 34.6 (33.6–35.7) | 24.2 (23.3–25.2) |
| Father | 32.2 (31.5–32.9) | 37.9 (36.6–39.2) | 27.3 (26.0–28.5) |
| Other | 11.6 (11.1–12.2) | 29.4 (27.2–31.7) | 21.6 (19.6–23.8) |
| Mother’s Educational Level | |||
| <High school (Referent) | 12.0 (11.4–12.6) | 31.3 (28.7–34.0) | 26.5 (24.0–29.1) |
| High school or equivalent | 22.1 (21.5–22.8) | 40.6 (38.9–42.3) | 29.4 (27.8–31.0) |
| Some college/vocational | 31.6 (30.9–32.4) | 39.9 (38.5–41.3) | 27.4 (26.1–28.6) |
| ≥College degree | 34.3 (33.6–34.9) | 28.4 (27.3–29.5) | 19.4 (18.5–20.4) |
| Urban–Rural Residence (Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) Status) c | |||
| Urban (MSA, principal city) (Referent) | 32.3 (31.6–33.1) | 28.9 (27.6–30.2) | 24.4 (23.2–25.6) |
| Suburban (MSA, non-principal city) | 54.3 (53.5–55.1) | 35.0 (34.0–36.1) | 24.1 (23.2–25.1) |
| Rural (non-MSA) | 13.4 (12.9–13.9) | 51.3 (49.2–53.3) | 30.1 (28.2–32.1) |
| Poverty Status d | |||
| >Poverty, >$75,000/year (Referent) | 37.4 (36.7–38.2) | 34.3 (33.1–35.5) | 21.4 (20.4–22.4) |
| >Poverty, ≤$75,000/year | 25.0 (24.3–25.7) | 37.6 (36.0–39.1) | 28.6 (27.1–30.1) |
| Below poverty level | 13.8 (13.2–14.4) | 33.1 (30.9–35.4) | 27.2 (25.1–29.3) |
| Income not reported | 23.8 (23.1–24.5) | 34.9 (33.4–36.5) | 25.6 (24.2–27.1) |
| Number of Children Under 18 in Household | |||
| 1 child (Referent) | 23.5 (22.9–24.1) | 31.3 (30.0–32.7) | 26.7 (25.4–28.0) |
| 2–3 children | 64.4 (63.6–65.1) | 34.7 (33.8–35.7) | 24.0 (23.2–24.9) |
| ≥4 children | 12.1 (11.6–12.7) | 44.2 (41.7–46.8) | 26.5 (24.3–28.8) |
| Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) of County of Residence e | |||
| Low SVI (Referent) | 27.1 (26.5–27.8) | 32.9 (31.6–34.3) | 21.1 (20.0–22.3) |
| Moderate SVI | 37.2 (36.5–38.0) | 35.8 (34.6–37.1) | 25.0 (23.8–26.1) |
| High SVI | 35.6 (34.9–36.4) | 35.8 (34.4–37.2) | 27.2 (25.8–28.5) |
| Health and Human Services (HHS) Region | |||
| Region I: CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT (Referent) | 3.9 (3.7–4.0) | 24.7 (22.7–26.9) | 20.9 (19.0–22.9) |
| Region II: NJ, NY, PR, VI | 8.8 (8.4–9.2) | 27.1 (24.7–29.7) | 24.8 (22.5–27.2) |
| Region III: DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV | 8.9 (8.6–9.2) | 32.3 (30.5–34.3) | 22.9 (21.2–24.6) |
| Region IV: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN | 19.7 (19.1–20.3) | 42.3 (40.5–44.1) | 28.8 (27.2–30.6) |
| Region V: IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI | 15.7 (15.2–16.2) | 38.4 (36.4–40.4) | 24.7 (23.0–26.5) |
| Region VI: AR, LA, NM, OK, TX | 14.6 (14.1–15.1) | 35.5 (33.7–37.4) | 25.1 (23.4–26.8) |
| Region VII: IA, KS, MO, NE | 4.5 (4.3–4.7) | 42.9 (40.1–45.8) | 21.9 (19.6–24.4) |
| Region VIII: CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY | 4.0 (3.9–4.2) | 37.5 (35.0–40.1) | 22.2 (20.0–24.6) |
| Region IX: AZ, CA, HI, NV, GU | 15.6 (14.9–16.2) | 27.6 (25.3–30.1) | 24.4 (22.2–26.8) |
| Region X: AK, ID, OR, WA | 4.4 (4.1–4.6) | 36.4 (33.5–39.4) | 24.0 (21.4–26.8) |
| Concerned about child getting COVID-19 infection? f | |||
| Not at all concerned/A little concerned | 58.7 (58.0–59.5) | 48.0 (47.0–49.0) | 26.6 (25.7–27.6) |
| Moderately concerned/Very concerned (Referent) | 41.3 (40.5–42.0) | 16.8 (15.8–17.8) | 22.6 (21.5–23.7) |
| I think pediatric COVID-19 vaccine is safe f | |||
| Not at all safe/Somewhat safe | 56.5 (55.7–57.3) | 55.5 (54.3–56.6) | 36.4 (35.3–37.5) |
| Very safe/Completely safe (Referent) | 43.5 (42.7–44.3) | 5.0 (4.5–5.6) | 8.4 (7.7–9.1) |
| It is important to get pediatric COVID-19 vaccine to protect my child f | |||
| Not at all important/A little important | 35.9 (35.1–36.6) | 78.9 (77.8–80.0) | 38.8 (37.5–40.2) |
| Somewhat important/Very important (Referent) | 64.1 (63.4–64.9) | 10.2 (9.6–10.9) | 16.9 (16.2–17.7) |
| Family/friends have gotten pediatric COVID-19 vaccine for their children aged 5–11 years f | |||
| None/Some | 72.0 (71.3–72.7) | 46.7 (45.7–47.7) | 30.0 (29.1–30.9) |
| Many/Almost All (Referent) | 28.0 (27.3–28.7) | 7.0 (6.2–7.9) | 12.6 (11.6–13.6) |
| My health provider has given recommendation to get pediatric COVID-19 vaccine for my child | |||
| Yes | 34.4 (33.6–35.1) | 21.6 (20.5–22.8) | 20.5 (19.4–21.6) |
| No (Referent) | 65.7 (64.9–66.4) | 42.9 (41.9–43.9) | 27.5 (26.6–28.5) |
| Child’s school requires pediatric COVID-19 vaccine for in-person classes | |||
| Yes | 4.5 (4.2–4.8) | 6.9 (4.9–9.6) | 22.2 (19.2–25.6) |
| No (Referent) | 92.9 (92.5–93.3) | 36.9 (36.1–37.7) | 25.0 (24.3–25.8) |
| Not in school, Home schooled | 2.6 (2.4–2.9) | 47.0 (42.0–52.1) | 33.6 (28.8–38.8) |
| Parental regret if pediatric COVID-19 vaccine is not obtained for my child f | |||
| Do not agree/Somewhat agree | 70.6 (69.9–71.3) | 49.2 (48.2–50.2) | 31.4 (30.5–32.3) |
| Strongly agree/Very strongly agree (Referent) | 29.4 (28.7–30.1) | 3.1 (2.6–3.8) | 9.8 (9.0–10.7) |
| In the last 7 days, my child has worn a mask when going into indoor public spaces f | |||
| Never/Rarely/Sometimes | 43.8 (43.0–44.5) | 51.8 (50.6–52.9) | 28.2 (27.2–29.3) |
| Often/Always (Referent) | 56.2 (55.5–57.0) | 22.0 (21.0–22.9) | 22.4 (21.5–23.4) |
Abbreviations: RCIs = Routine Childhood Immunizations; CI = Confidence Interval. The denominator of the percentages represents all completed parent interviews for children aged 5–11-years collated monthly between November 2021–July 2022. a Pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy = unvaccinated (and probably or definitely not getting vaccine). Pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was assessed with the following question: “Once your child is eligible, how likely are you to get a COVID-19 vaccine?” Participants’ responses were “definitely not getting vaccine”, “probably not getting vaccine”, “probably getting vaccine”, and “definitely getting vaccine”. Responses were dichotomized into two categories: pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and pediatric COVID-19 vaccine non-hesitancy. b RCIs hesitancy = somewhat hesitant or very hesitant to RCIs. RCIs hesitancy was assessed with the following question: “How hesitant about childhood shots would you consider yourself to be?” Response options were “not at all hesitant”, “not that hesitant”, “somewhat hesitant”, and “very hesitant”. Participants’ responses were dichotomized into RCIs hesitancy and RCIs non-hesitancy. c MSA status was determined based on household reported city and county of residence and was grouped into three categories: MSA principal city = urban; MSA non-principal city = suburban; and non-MSA = rural. MSAs and principal cities were as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau at https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html, accessed on 23 April 2024. Non-MSA areas include urban populations not located within an MSA and completely rural areas. d Income/Poverty level was defined based on total family income in the past calendar year, and the U.S. Census poverty thresholds for that year specified for the applicable family size and the number of children <18 years. Poverty thresholds are available at https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-thresholds.html, accessed on 23 April 2024. e The CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index was developed using 15 U.S. census variables to help officials identify communities needing support before, during, or after disasters. Categorization of NIS-CCM data into an SVI level was based on the zip code of residence reported by the respondent. Details on the SVI are available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/placeandhealth/svi/index.html, accessed on 23 April 2024. f Response options were dichotomized into two categories. Nonoverlapping 95% confidence intervals (CIs) determined statistically significant estimates between groups.