Table 3. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis of risk factors for malnutrition among 365 hospitalized infants.
| Variables | Index length for age | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < P10 | ≥ P10 | Raw OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Per capita family income | ||||
| > 0.50 minimum wages | 15 | 98 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Unknown | 15 | 43 | 2.28 (1.02-5.07)* | 2.06 (0.74-5.72) |
| ≤ 0.50 minimum wages | 94 | 100 | 6.14 (3.33-11.31)† | 1.85 (0.80-4.27) |
| Construction material for house walls | ||||
| Brick and cement | 67 | 201 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Others | 57 | 40 | 4.27 (2.62-6.98)† | 1.91 (0.88-4.15) |
| Type of toilet | ||||
| Flush toilet | 36 | 162 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Pit latrine | 52 | 65 | 3.60 (2.15-6.01)† | 0.89 (0.40-1.98) |
| None | 36 | 14 | 11.57 (5.66-23.66)† | 4.07 (1.30-12.71)* |
| Presence of radio at home | ||||
| Yes | 88 | 215 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 36 | 26 | 3.38 (1.93-5.93) † | 1.54 (0.65-3.66) |
| Presence of refrigerator at home | ||||
| Yes | 27 | 146 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 97 | 95 | 5.52 (3.35-9.09)† | 2.25 (1.02-4.95)* |
| Mother's schooling (years) | ||||
| ≥ 5 | 22 | 118 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0 – 4 | 102 | 123 | 4.45 (2.63-7.52)† | 1.04 (0.48-2.26) |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 13 | 72 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 - 4 | 66 | 143 | 2.56 (1.32-4.94)§ | 1.76 (0.72-4.32) |
| ≥ 5 | 45 | 26 | 9.58 (4.47-20.55) †* | 4.54 (1.48-13.97)§ |
| Birth weight (g)‡ | ||||
| ≥ 3,500 | 29 | 71 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3,000-3,499 | 36 | 102 | 0.86 (0.49-1.54) | 0.62 (0.28-1.36) |
| 2,500-2,999 | 25 | 45 | 1.36 (0.71-2.61) | 1.54 (0.63-3.80) |
| 1,500-2,499 | 16 | 9 | 4.35 (1.73-10.96)§ | 6.04 (1.73-21.08)§ |
| Duration of breastfeeding (months) | ||||
| ≥ 7 | 16 | 79 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 4-6 | 33 | 76 | 2.14 (1.09-4.21)* | 1.18 (0.47-2.97) |
| 1-3 | 48 | 56 | 4.23 (2.18-8.20)† | 2.13 (0.85-5.33) |
| None | 27 | 30 | 4.44 (2.10-9.38)† | 3.30 (1.16-9.40)* |
| Vaccination schedule for age II | ||||
| Completed | 22 | 129 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Uncompleted | 92 | 106 | 5.09 (2.99-8.65)† | 3.02 (1.49-6.10)§ |
| Previous hospitalization for pneumonia | ||||
| No | 96 | 212 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 28 | 29 | 2.13 (1.20-3.78)§ | 2.43 (1.06-5.57)* |
| Previous hospitalization for diarrhea | ||||
| No | 78 | 216 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 46 | 25 | 5.10 (2.94-8.85)† | 2.99 (1.33-6.71)§ |
P = percentile; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval;
*
p < 0.05;
†
p < 0.001;
‡
32 cases without information;
§
p < 0.01;
II
16 cases without information.