Fig. 4.

Glucanase activity measured with laminarin as a substrate (A) and analysis of cytokine IL-1β (B) and IL-8 (C) production by THP-1 cells stimulated with EVs of S. boulardii and S. salivarius EVs. A representative result of four independent experiments is presented. The statistical significance versus control was analyzed by performing an unpaired t test with GraphPad Prism software version 7.0 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA). The statistical significance levels were marked with ns for p ≥ 0.05, * for p < 0.05, ** for p < 0.01, *** for p < 0.001, and **** for p < 0.0001