Figure 3.

Change in life expectancy attributable to leading causes of death for males and females combined, 1990–2000, 2000–10, 2010–19, and 2019–21, globally

Each row represents the change in global life expectancy from 1990 to 2021 for a given cause. The total change in life expectancy is further broken down by different colours to represent changes over time periods. A bar to the right of 0 represents an increase in life expectancy due to changes in the given time period, and a bar to the left of 0 represents a decrease in life expectancy due to a given time period. For readability, labels indicating a change in life expectancy of less than 0·05 years are not shown. CKD=chronic kidney disease. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. LRI=lower respiratory infection. NCD=non-communicable disease. OPRM=other pandemic-related mortality. *Does not include natural disasters. †Does not include war and terrorism.