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. 2024 May 10;10(10):e31013. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31013

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) of the main outcomes found in both groups at pre and post-intervention moments.

Experimental Group (n = 30) Control Group (n = 30) Difference between groups Effect size (r)
SLR – Left (°)
Pre 40.0 ± 10.0 40.5 ± 10.3 U = 429.0; Z = −0.323; p = 0.746 −0.042
Post 46.8 ± 6.9b 41.2 ± 9.8 U = 279.0; Z = −2.863; p = 0.004a −0.370
SLR – Right (°)
Pre 41.0 ± 8.7 40.8 ± 8.9 U = 449.5; Z = −0.008; p = 0.994 −0.001
Post 47.2 ± 6.5# 42.0 ± 9.0 U = 283.5; Z = −2.855; p = 0.004a −0.369
Modified Bragard test – Left (°)
Pre 39.3 ± 9.7 40.0 ± 10.9 U = 419.5; Z = −0.473; p = 0.636 −0.061
Post 45.7 ± 8.1# 40.7 ± 10.2 U = 315.0; Z = −2.263; p = 0.024a −0.292
Modified Bragard test – Right (°)
Pre 40.2 ± 9.4 39.7 ± 9.1 U = 439.5; Z = −0.162; p = 0.871 −0.021
Post 47.2 ± 6.7# 41.0 ± 9.4 U = 275.5; Z = −2.997; p = 0.003a −0.387
Kernig's Test – Left (°)
Pre 40.2 ± 9.1 41.0 ± 9.3 U = 420.5; Z = −0.456; p = 0.648 −0.059
Post 46.8 ± 6.6# 42.7 ± 8.3# U = 303.5; Z = −2.483; p = 0.013a −0.321
Kernig's Test – Right (°)
Pre 41.5 ± 8.2 40.7 ± 8.2 U = 427.0; Z = −0.356; p = 0.722 −0.046
Post 47.0 ± 6.5b 43.0 ± 7.6b U = 298.0; Z = −2.574; p = 0.010a −0.332
SLR – Left (VAS, score)
Pre 1.9 ± 2.8 2.7 ± 2.8 U = 384.0; Z = −1.010; p = 0.313 −0.130
Post 0.4 ± 0.8b 1.7 ± 1.9b U = 252.5; Z = −3.305; p < 0.001a −0.427
SLR – Right (VAS, score)
Pre 2.2 ± 2.4 2.8 ± 2.2 U = 374.0; Z = −1.158; p = 0.247 −0.149
Post 0.3 ± 0.7b 1.8 ± 1.6b U = 223.5; Z = −3.838; p < 0.001a −0.495
Modified Bragard test – Left (VAS, score)
Pre 1.9 ± 1.9 2.6 ± 2.7 U = 391.5; Z = −0.895; p = 0.371 −0.116
Post 0.3 ± 0.6# 1.7 ± 1.9b U = 238.5; Z = −3.544; p < 0.001* −0.458
Modified Bragard test – Right (VAS, score)
Pre 2.0 ± 2.2 2.6 ± 2.2 U = 381.5; Z = −1.044; p = 0.297 −0.135
Post 0.2 ± 0.6b 1.6 ± 1.6b U = 227.5; Z = −3.771; p < 0.001* −0.487
Kernig's Test – Left (VAS, score)
Pre 1.9 ± 1.9 2.8 ± 2.7 U = 378.0; Z = −1.101; p = 0.271 −0.142
Post 0.3 ± 0.8b 1.9 ± 2.1# U = 246.0; Z = −3.413; p < 0.001* −0.441
Kernig's Test – Right (VAS, score)
Pre 2.2 ± 2.4 2.8 ± 2.4 U = 380.0; Z = −1.066; p = 0.287 −0.138
Post 0.3 ± 0.9b 1.8 ± 1.8# U = 233.0; Z = −3.680; p < 0.001* −0.475

VAS: Visual analogue scale; SLR: straight leg raise test.

a

significant differences between groups at p < 0.05.

b

significant differences within-group (post-pre) at p < 0.05.