Figure 2.

360° horizontal motion localization

Participants can localize motion using tactile input only.

The task and the results of experiment 1 and experiment 3 with the sources moving on a 360° horizontal plane.

(A) After each stimulus, the participant was asked to report the start and the endpoint, as well as the direction of the motion trajectory (F = front, RF = right-front, R = right, RB = right-back, B = back, LB = left-back, L = left, LF = left-front).

(B) Group results in experiment 1. There were four test conditions in the following order: (1) audio only [Audio 1], (2) tactile only [Tactile], (3) audio and tactile combined [Audio Tactile], (4) audio only [Audio 2]. In all conditions, the results were significantly above chance (marked with a dashed line). Data are represented as mean ± SD.

(C) Group results in experiment 3. The experiment included three test conditions: (1) a baseline audio condition [Audio], (2) audio in noise [Audio Noise], (3) audio in noise with concurrent vibrotactile input [Audio Tactile Noise]; Statistical comparisons with a Wilcoxon signed-rank test (∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗p < 0.05). Data are represented as mean ± SD.