Table 4.
Proportion differences in gender identity, gender expression and gender dysphoria in those with and without autistic traits.
| Non-autistic traits |
Autistic traits |
Difference in proportiona (age and assigned gender adjusted) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % (n) | N | % (n) | N | Diff | 95% CI | p values | |
| Gender identity | ||||||||
| Gender identity (categorical) | ||||||||
| Binary | 281 | 70.5 (198) | 236 | 73.7 (174) | 517 | 2.4 | −5.4 to 10.3 | 0.54 |
| Non-binary | 281 | 14.2 (40) | 236 | 14.0 (33) | 517 | −1.0 | −7.1 to 5.0 | 0.74 |
| Unsure | 281 | 15.3 (43) | 236 | 12.3 (29) | 517 | −1.4 | −7.5 to 4.6 | 0.64 |
| Gender expression | ||||||||
| Social transition | ||||||||
| Overall | 223 | 35.4 (79) | 207 | 46.4 (96) | 430 | 8.0 | −1.1 to 17.0 | 0.084 |
| Name | 199 | 45.2 (90) | 201 | 54.7 (110) | 400 | 7.4 | −2.2 to 17.1 | 0.13 |
| Pronoun | 221 | 42.5 (94) | 206 | 56.3 (116) | 427 | 11.7 | 2.4–21.1 | 0.014 |
| Look | 229 | 72.1 (165) | 205 | 78.0 (160) | 434 | −0.9 | −7.5 to 5.7 | 0.79 |
| Home | 238 | 54.2 (129) | 213 | 59.2 (126) | 451 | 0.9 | −7.9 to 9.7 | 0.84 |
| School | 229 | 46.7 (107) | 203 | 59.1 (120) | 432 | 8.7 | −0.5 to 18.0 | 0.062 |
| Online | 184 | 76.6 (141) | 177 | 84.2 (149) | 361 | 5.9 | −1.9 to 13.7 | 0.14 |
| Gender dysphoria | ||||||||
| Gender preoccupation and stability (clinically high levels of GD) | ||||||||
| GPSQ Total score ≥28 | 214 | 95.8 (205) | 205 | 95.1 (195) | 419 | −1.2 | −5.2 to 2.8 | 0.56 |
Note: Questionnaires were administered according to age applicability and in some instances also according to assigned gender, hence, the total numbers do not always equal 522.
a
Binary logistic regression used to assess the association between gender outcomes and the autistic trait (yes/no) adjusting for the effect of age and assigned gender at birth. Marginal effects as difference in proportion was estimated using the fitted models.