TABLE 2.

Associations between short‐sleep condition and cognitive function tests.

	Crude model a		Model 1 b		Model 2 c
	β (95% CI)	p‐value	β (95% CI)	p‐value	β (95% CI)	p‐value
Score of the CERAD Immediate Recall Test
Normal sleep	Reference		Reference		Reference
Mild short‐sleep	−0.211 (−0.400, −0.022)	0.030	−0.203 (−0.405, −0.001)	0.049	−0.196 (−0.395, 0.002)	0.052
Severe short‐sleep	−0.515 (−0.782, −0.247)	<0.001	−0.406 (−0.660, −0.152)	0.003	−0.409 (−0.664, −0.154)	0.003
Score of the CERAD Delayed Recall Test
Normal sleep	Reference		Reference		Reference
Mild short‐sleep	−0.039 (−0.356, 0.278)	0.804	−0.043 (−0.366, 0.280)	0.787	−0.037 (−0.361, 0.287)	0.815
Severe short‐sleep	−0.448 (−0.852, −0.045)	0.031	−0.297 (−0.651, 0.057)	0.097	−0.303 (−0.643, 0.037)	0.078
Score of the Animal Fluency Test
Normal sleep	Reference		Reference		Reference
Mild short‐sleep	−1.226 (−2.138, −0.314)	0.010	−0.953 (−1.749, −0.157)	0.021	−0.828 (−1.638, −0.018)	0.045
Severe short‐sleep	−2.115 (−3.233, −0.997)	<0.001	−1.279 (−2.420, −0.137)	0.030	−1.135 (−2.302, 0.032)	0.056
Score of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test
Normal sleep	Reference		Reference		Reference
Mild short‐sleep	−2.983 (−5.301, −0.664)	0.013	−1.978 (−4.133, 0.177)	0.070	−1.602 (−3.551, 0.346)	0.102
Severe short‐sleep	−6.559 (−9.840, −3.278)	<0.001	−3.771 (−6.736, −0.806)	0.015	−3.466 (−6.407, −0.525)	0.023

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

^a Crude model, no covariates were adjusted.

^b Model 1, age, sex, race were adjusted.

^c Model 2, age, sex, race, body mass index, work activity, and recreational activity were adjusted.