Table 2.

Compare the Cr immobilization in soil utilizing MALZ and other materials.

Adsorbents	Experimental conditions	Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency	References
MALZ	Absorbent and soil ratio (w/w): 3 %, Cr concentraton: 50 mg/kg, SM: 70 %, incubation time: 30 days	77.35 %	This study
Nanoscale Fe/Al-LDHs	The mole ratio of Cr(VI) and Fe/Al LDH: 0.2, e-Cr: 38.61 mg/kg	70 %	[57]
Fe/Al-LDHs	Cr(VI) in the soil (2079.84 mg/kg), Fe/Al-LDH and Cr(VI)-contaminated soil ratio of 1: 5, reaction time: 90 min.	72.45 %	[58]
Mg/Al-LDHs	Cr(VI) in soils:1000 mg/kg; Quantity of LDHs: 10 g/L	62.27 %	[59]
Fe/Al-LDH- activated carbon	Quantity of LDHs: 0.05 g; Cr(Ⅵ) content:1000 mg/kg; incubation time: 60 min, pH 4	99.50 %	[60]
Ca/Al-LDHs	Cr: 200–424 mg/kg, incubation time: 120 h	85.50 %–96.49 %	[61]