2.b.

Stress response

Authors and year	Country	Sample	Materials and methods	Findings
Anacker et al., 2011	UK	Human hippocampal progenitor cell line HPC03A/07	Cells were treated with sertraline for 72 hours during proliferation, and for subsequent 7 days of differentiation	Sertraline increases human hippocampal neurogenesis through a GR-dependent mechanism
Anacker et al., 2018	UK	Animal sample (mice)	In vivo calcium imaging to record neuronal activity from ventral DG cells	-Neurogenesis results in a decrease in the activity of “stress-responsive cells” -Silencing of the ventral DG leads to resilience
Cole et al., 2022	USA	Animal sample (mice)	-Imaging and brain slice electrophysiological experiments -Testing hippocampal activation on acute stress responses	Hippocampal output to the BNST contributes to a net inhibition of the HPA axis
Eriksson et al., 1998	Sweden	Post-mortem human brain tissue (5 adults)	Immunofluorescent labeling for BrdU, NeuN, calbindin, NSE	New neurons are generated from dividing progenitor cells in the DG
Licht et al., 1983	USA	Animal sample (bullfrogs)	Investigation cycles and plasma of seasonal levels gonadal of FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, 5α-DHT, corticosterone	Gonadotropins and steroids are highly labile, and particularly sensitive to the effects of captivity, especially in males
Loprinzi et al., 2011	USA	Human sample (25 women)	Assessing the effect of a SMART program among women diagnosed with breast cancer through several outcome measures scales,	Significant improvement in resilience, perceived stress, anxiety, and overall quality of life at 12 weeks
Moreno-Jiménez et al., 2019	Spain	Human brain samples	Combining human brain samples using tissue processing methods	Thousands of immature neurons are found in the DG of neurologically healthy individuals up to the 9th decade of life
Santarelli et al., 2003	USA	Animal sample (mice)	Genetic and radiological methods	X-irradiation of the hippocampus prevents the neurogenic and behavioral effects of antidepressants
Smith et al., 1995	USA	Animal sample (rats)	-Immobilization stress -In situ hybridization	-Immobilization reduces BDNF mRNA levels in the DG and hippocampus -BDNF and NT-3 are stress-responsive genes
Snyder et al., 2011	USA	Animal sample (mice)	Inhibition of adult neurogenesis through transgenic or radiation methods	A small pool of DG neurons are critical for hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis, and play a role for adult neurogenesis in depression
Somasunda- ram & Devamani, 2016	India	Human sample (60 adults)	Investigating resilience, perceived social support and hopelessness in cancer patients through assessing scales	Resilience is associated with less hopelessness and higher levels of perceived social support
van der Werff et al., 2017	The Netherlands	Human sample (81 adults)	MRI scanning	Resilient subjects show increased structural connectivity in the corticopontine tract
Wang et al., 2013	The Netherlands	Post-mortem human brain tissue (26 subjects)	GR-immunoreactivity	GRs are prominently expressed in human hippocampus

5α-DHT= 5α-dihydrotestosterone; BDNF=brain derived neurotrophic factor; BNST= bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; BrdU= bromodeoxyuridine; DG= dentate gyrus; FSH= follicle-stimulating hormone; GR= glucocorticoid receptor; HPA= hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; LH= luteinizing hormone; MRI= magnetic resonance imaging; NeuN= hexaribonucleotide binding protein 3; NSE= neuron specific enolase; NT-3= neurotrophin-3; SMART= stress management and resiliency training.