Table 7.
Literature review of salvage-high-dose-rate brachytherapy studies
| Study [Ref.] | Treatment (years) | No. of patients | Inclusion criteria for treatment | HDR-BT | Time | Outcome reported | Outcome | Toxicity measure | Max. acute GI | Max. acute GU | Max. late GI | Max. late GU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. [34] | 1998-2009 | 52 | BF | 6 Gy × 6 fx. | 5 years | FSBF | 51% | CTCAE | Grade 1 (NR) | Grade 3 (2%) | Grade 2 (4%) | Grade 3 (2%) |
| Chitmanee et al. [14] | 2013-2018 | 50 | BF | 19 Gy × 1 fx. | 3 years | FSBF | 46% | CTCAE | Grade 2 (8%) | Grade 2 (54%) | Grade 2 (8%) | Grade 3 (10%) |
| Corkum et al. [35] | 2012-2019 | 30 | BP | 13.5 Gy × 2 fx. | 3 years | FSBF | 61.8% | CTCAE | Grade 2 (6.7%) | Grade 2 (76.7%) | Grade 2 (NR) | Grade 3 (3%) |
| Jiang et al. [36] | 2003-2011 | 22 | BF | 10 Gy × 3 fx. | 5 years | FSBF | 45% | CTCAE | Grade 2 (9%) | Grade 1 (NR) | Grade 2 (9%) | Grade 3 (9%) |
| Kissel et al. [37] | 2013-2020 | 64 | BF | 12 Gy × 2 fx. 13 Gy × 2 fx. |
2 years | DFS | 58% | CTCAE | Grade 1 (NR) | Grade 3 (1.5%) | Grade 3 (1.5%) | Grade 3 (1.5%) |
| Kollmeier et al. [38] | 2003-2015 | 61 (HDR) | BP | 8 Gy × 4 fx. 7 Gy × 4 fx. 11 Gy × 2 fx. |
3 years | FSBF | 60.1% | CTCAE | Grade 2 (NR) | Grade 2 (NR) | Grade 3 (NR) | Grade 3 (13%) |
| Lee et al. [39] | 1998-2005 | 21 | BP | 6 Gy × 6 fx. | 2 years | FSBF | 89% | CTCAE | Grade 2 (14.2%) | Grade 3 (NR) | NR | Grade 3 (14.2%) |
| Lyczek et al. [40] | 1999-2008 | 115 | BF | 10 Gy × 3 fx. | 5 years | FSBF | 46% PSA ≤ 6, 18% PSA > 6 | RTOG | NR | Grade 3 (2.6%) | NR | Grade 4 (3.5%) |
| Maenhout et al. [15] | 2013-2016 | 17 | BP | 19 Gy × 1 fx. | 1 year | FSBF | 92% | CTCAE | NR | Grade 2 (11.8%) | NR | Grade 3 (5.9%) |
| Murgic et al. [41] | 2012-2015 | 15 | BP | 13.5 Gy × 2 fx. | 3 years | FSBF | 61% | CTCAE | Grade 1 (20%) | Grade 2 (93.9%) | Grade 2 (13%) | Grade 3 (6.7%) |
| Slevin et al. [16] | 2015-2018 | 43 | BP | 19 Gy × 1 fx. | 3 years | FSBF | 41.8% | CTCAE | Grade 1 (14%) | Grade 2 (63%) | Grade 1 (14%) | Grade 3 (2%) |
| Tharp et al. [42] | 2001-2006 | 7 | BP | No consistent regimen | 58 months | DFS | 71% | CTCAE | NR | NR | NR | Grade 3 (29%) |
| Van Son et al. [43] | 2013-2017 | 50 | NR | 19 Gy × 1 fx. | 2.5 years | FSBF | 51% | CTCAE | Grade 2 (NR) | Grade 2 (52%) | Grade 2 (6%) | Grade 3 (2%) |
| Van Son et al. [44] | 2013-2019 | 150 | NR | 19 Gy × 1 fx. | 20 months | Toxicity | NA | CTCAE | Grade 2 (2.1%) | Grade 2 (20.8%) | Grade 2 (4.7%) | Grade 3 (3.9%) |
| Wojcieszek et al. [45] | 2008-2014 | 83 | BP | 10 Gy × 3 fx. | 5 years | FSBF | 67% | CTCAE | Grade 1 (6%) | Grade 3 (1%) | Grade 1 (6%) | Grade 3 (13%) |
| Yamada et al. [46] | 2007-2011 | 42 | BP | 8 Gy × 4 fx. | 5 years | FSBF | 68.5% | CTCAE | NR | Grade 2 (40%) | Grade 2 (14%) | Grade 3 (9.5%) |
| Present study | 17 | BF | 13.5 Gy × 2 fx. 5.25 Gy × 2 fx. |
3 years | FSBF | 88.2% | CTCAE | Grade 2 (6%) | Grade 2 (77%) | NR | NR |
NR – not reported, BP – biopsy-proven, BF – biochemical failure (Phoenix) only, FSBF – freedom from subsequent biochemical failure, DFS – disease-free survival, NA – not applied