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. 2024 May 23;19:1123–1130. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S455397

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© 2024 Yamamoto et al.

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Proportion of each grade of mMRC and exacerbation frequency by sex. The exacerbation frequency was expressed as the percentage of instances where exacerbations occurred two or more times within the past year for each mMRC grade. Female patients were more likely to have a higher mMRC grade, and females exhibited higher exacerbation frequencies even at relatively lower mMRC grades, resulting in an overall higher observed rate of exacerbation events compared to males. mMRC, modified medical research council dyspnea scale.