Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Study Results
| Female (n=133) | Male (n=1035) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 72.08 (±8.04) | 72.09 (±8.36) | 0.99 | |
| Smoking status | Never | 18 (13.53%) | 30 (2.90%) | |
| Former | 96 (72.28%) | 880 (85.02%) | ||
| Current | 19 (14.29%) | 125 (12.08%) | ||
| Former+current | 115 (86.47%) | 1005 (97.1%) | <0.0001 | |
| mMRC, grade | 0/1/2/3/4 | 19/35/41/28/10 (14.29/26.32/30.83/21.05/7.52%) | 200/346/280/166/43 (19.32/33.43/27.05/16.04/4.15%) | |
| ≥2 | 79 (59.40%) | 489 (47.25%) | <0.01 | |
| PFT | FVC (L) | 2.14 (±0.68) | 3.00 (±0.8) | <0.0001 |
| FEV1 (L) | 1.15 (±0.48) | 1.59 (±0.62) | <0.0001 | |
| FEV1% (%) | 53.15 (±11.07) | 52.32 (±12.23) | 0.47 | |
| %FEV1 (%) | 60.52 (±19.6) | 59.67 (±20.71) | 0.65 | |
| Stage of GOLD | I/II/III/IV | 21/66/40/6 (15.79/49.62/30.08/7.71%) | 190/497/264/84 (18.36/48.02/25.51/8.12%) | |
| ≥II | 112 (84.21%) | 845 (81.64%) | 0.47 | |
| Group of GOLD 2017 | A/B/C/D | 50/57/4/22 (37.59/42.86/3.01/16.54%) | 519/394/27/95 (50.14/38.07/2.61/9.18%) | |
| B-D | 83 (62.41%) | 516 (49.86%) | <0.01 | |
| Exacerbation, year-1 | 0–1 | 107 (80.45%) | 913 (88.21%) | |
| ≥2 | 26 (19.55%) | 122 (11.79%) | 0.011 | |
| LTOT | User | 22 (16.54%) | 101 (9.76%) | 0.016 |
| Inhalation therapy | ICS single | 1 (0.75%) | 1 (0.10%) | 0.085 |
| LABA single | 1 (0.75%) | 71 (6.86%) | <0.01 | |
| LAMA single | 26 (19.55%) | 263 (25.41%) | 0.14 | |
| ICS+LABA | 22 (16.54%) | 152 (14.69%) | 0.57 | |
| LABA+LAMA | 26 (19.55%) | 221 (21.35%) | 0.63 | |
| ICS+LABA+LAMA | 54 (40.60%) | 268 (25.89%) | <0.001 | |
| ICS use | 79 (59.40%) | 429 (41.45%) | <0.0001 | |
| No treatment | 1 (0.75%) | 51 (4.93%) | 0.028 | |
Notes: Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. The FEV1% was defined as the FEV1/FVC ratio.
Abbreviations: PFT, pulmonary function test; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; %FEV1, percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist.