Comparison 1. Postpartum FP counseling plus LAM versus traditional FP counseling.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Pregnancy by 12 months	1	565	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.48 [0.27, 0.87]
2 Use of specific modern methods at 12 months	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 Pills	1	565	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.78 [1.26, 2.50]
2.2 Condoms	1	565	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.35 [0.74, 2.46]
2.3 Injectables	1	565	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.23 [0.05, 1.00]
2.4 IUD	1	565	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.72 [1.27, 10.86]
2.5 Tubal sterilization	1	565	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.87 [0.71, 4.92]
3 No contraceptive use at 12 months	1	565	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.37 [0.21, 0.67]
4 Use of traditional contraceptive methods at 12 months	1	565	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.39, 1.41]