Comparison 5. Birth‐spacing message models: health service (HSM) versus community awareness (CAM) versus standard care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Contraceptive use postpartum (HSM versus standard care)	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 At 4 months	1	935	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.07 [1.58, 2.71]
1.2 At 10 to 12 months (if at risk)	1	930	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.08 [1.58, 2.74]
2 Contraceptive use postpartum (HSM versus CAM)	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 At 4 months	1	1031	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.79 [1.40, 2.30]
2.2 At 10 to 12 months (if at risk)	1	1025	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.24 [0.97, 1.59]
3 Use of LAM at 4 months postpartum	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 HSM versus standard care	1	935	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.04 [0.72, 1.50]
3.2 HSM versus CAM	1	1031	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	41.36 [10.11, 169.20]
4 Knowlege of effective LAM use at 4 months postpartum (HSM versus standard care)	1	136	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.90 [0.91, 9.26]