Lee 2011.

Methods	Location and time frame: conducted in medical center in Taiwan; no time frame specified. Design: Odd‐numbered wards were experimental group and even‐numbered wards were control group. Odd‐numbered wards were divided by 'another' coin flip into group A (wards 1, 3, 5, 7, 11) and B (wards 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23). Midway through study, wards chosen for group A were reversed. Ward rooms with double occupancy were assigned as a unit. Assignment reportedly adapted from Sayegh 1976. Sample size calculation (and outcome of focus): not specified
Participants	General with N: 250 women who gave birth in medical center Source: 76‐bed postpartum wards of large medical center and local hospital. Inclusion criteria: delivered single, full‐term healthy baby (gestation age 38 to 42 weeks, body weight > 2500 g, and Apgar score > 8); admitted for < 3 days; no perinatal complications or major chronic illness; married and lived with husband; age 20 to 39 years and could read, write, and speak Chinese. Exclusion criteria: not specified.
Interventions	Study focus: Evaluate effect of postpartum education program on knowledge, attitude, and contraceptive use. Treatment A: Interactive Postpartum Sexual Health Education Program (IPSHEP) included 'interactive pamphlet' plus sexual health education by trained obstetric nurse educator and opportunity for discussion. Treatment B: Interactive pamphlet in 'A' but no individual health education or opportunity for questions. Comparison or control: Routine postpartum education on sexual health included educational talk and pamphlet (same content and printing as in 'A' but no interactive design); staff not trained in interactive education for postpartum women.
Outcomes	Primary: 'effective contraceptive behavior' assessed by effectiveness of method used most often at 2 and 3 months postpartum. Scored from 0 (no use) to 99 (more effective as per WHO definitions, i.e., very effective, moderately effective, less effective). Did not specify what score was used for each category of effectiveness. Secondary: sexual health knowledge and attitudes included contraceptive practice at 3 days and 2 months postpartum Assessment times: 2 and 3 months postpartum
Notes	Unable to obtain further information from investigator on study design or data on contraceptive use by specific method. Routine education: standard deviation (SD) for 'contraceptive effectiveness' at 3 months may be misprint (8 versus 20 to 30 for others).
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Exposed cohort representativeness	High risk	Women who gave birth at specific institution, delivered full‐term healthy baby, no complications or chronic disease, lived with husband.
Nonexposed cohort selection	Low risk	Same source as exposed cohort
Exposure ascertainment: method used	Low risk	Presumably study records; intervention was provided in hospital ward.
Comparability of groups: design or analysis	Unclear risk	Analyzed baseline characteristics. Study groups reportedly did not differ significantly except for delivery method (vaginal or cesarean); pretest values for outcomes reportedly did not differ by delivery method. Analysis did not account for assignment by groups, but only 3 groups.
Outcome assessment: method used	Unclear risk	Research assistant administered structured questionnaires (tests); self‐reported outcomes.
Follow‐up length	Low risk	3 months
Follow‐up adequacy	High risk	Loss to follow up by 3 months: Treatment A 24% (17/70); Treatment B 37% (34/92); Standard care 34% (30/88)