Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of critically ill patients requiring ETI.
| Characteristics | Total 326 | Gender distribution | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | |||
| 123 | 203 | |||
| Age (years) | 50.3 (±17.8) | 45.6. (±18) | 53.1 (±17.2) | <0.001∗ |
| Age groups | ||||
| <45 Years | 128 [39.3%] | 61 [49.6%] | 67 [33%] | 0.003∗ |
| ≥45 Years | 198 [60.7%] | 62 [50.4%] | 136 [67%] | |
| Shifts | ||||
| Night (10 pm–08 am) | 142 [43.6%] | 56 [45.5%] | 86 [42.4%] | 0.577 |
| Morning to evening (08 am–10 pm) | 184 [56.4%] | 67 [54.5%] | 117 [57.6%] | |
| Preintubation vitals [median (IQR)] | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128 (150–77) | 126 (146.5–82) | 131 (151–75) | 0.414 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 (90–38) | 76 (89–36) | 75 (90–40) | 0.571 |
| Heart rate | 110 (125–63) | 110 (125–66) | 110 (126–60) | 0.884 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 93 (98–57) | 93.5 (98–62.5) | 93 (98–52) | 0.610 |
| Respiratory rate | 28 (36–16) | 28 (36–18) | 28 (35–16) | 0.715 |
| Reasons for intubation | ||||
| Coma | 220 [67.5%] | 85 [69.1%] | 135 [66.5%] | 0.627 |
| Hypoxia | 130 [39.9%] | 50 [40.7%] | 80 [39.4%] | 0.824 |
| Metabolic acidosis | 89 [27.3%] | 37 [30.1%] | 52 [25.6%] | 0.380 |
| Anticipated decline (deterioration in next few hours) | 143 [43.9%] | 53 [43.1%] | 90 [44.3%] | 0.826 |
| Shortness of breath | 239 [73.3%] | 92 [74.8%] | 147 [72.4%] | 0.637 |
| Respiratory distress | 165 [50.6%] | 64 [52%] | 101 [49.8%] | 0.690 |
| Polytrauma | 17 [5.2%] | 9 [7.3%] | 8 [3.9%] | 0.184 |
| Isolated trauma | 21 [6.4%] | 5 [4.1%] | 16 [7.9%] | 0.174 |
| Gunshot injury | 4 [1.2%] | 1 [0.8%] | 3 [1.5%] | 0.597 |
| Others∗ | 8 [2.5%] | 2 [1.6%] | 6 [3%] | 0.452 |
| Shock index | ||||
| <0.9 | 177 [54.3%] | 71 [57.7%] | 106 [52.2%] | 0.333 |
| ≥0.9 | 149 [45.7%] | 52 [42.3%] | 97 [47.8%] | |
| pH | ||||
| >7.3 | 74 [22.7%] | 26 [21.1%] | 48 [23.6%] | 0.600 |
| ≤7.3 | 74 [22.7%] | 26 [21.1%] | 48 [23.6%] | |
| Heaven criteria | ||||
| Hypoxemia | 128 [39.3%] | 49 [39.8%] | 79 [38.9%] | 0.869 |
| Extremes of size | 27 [8.3%] | 11 [8.9%] | 16 [7.9%] | 0.736 |
| Anatomic abnormalities | 46 [14.1%] | 16 [13%] | 30 [14.8%] | 0.656 |
| Vomit/blood/fluid | 111 [34%] | 46 [37.4%] | 65 [32%] | 0.321 |
| Exsanguination | 12 [3.7%] | 5 [4.1%] | 7 [3.4%] | 0.774 |
| Neck mobility issues | 45 [13.8%] | 18 [14.6%] | 27 [13.3%] | 0.735 |
∗ Worsening type 2 failure, aspiration pneumonia, epileptic status, asthmatic status, severe agitation/diarrhea, impending threat to the airway due to burns or esophageal rupture or expanding hematoma.