Table 5.
The association between metabolic syndrome components and the pace of aging in years/calendar year (DunedinPACE): Within-twin-pair analyses, (a) all pairs, (b) monozygotic twin pairs, and (c) dizygotic twin pairs.
| Base model | Adjusted model* | Adjusted model* + medication | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | p-value | β | 95% CI | p-value | β | 95% CI | p-value | |
| (a) All pairs (N = 99) | |||||||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.002 | (0.001, 0.003) | 0.004 | 0.001 | (−0.000, 0.002) | 0.081 | |||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | −0.064 | (−0.110, −0.018) | 0.007 | −0.043 | (−0.094, 0.009) | 0.106 | −0.044 | (−0.095, 0.007) | 0.089 µ |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)∞ | 0.048 | (0.013, 0.083) | 0.007 | 0.038 | (0.002, 0.074) | 0.038 | 0.037 | (0.002, 0.072) | 0.039 µ |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)∞ | 0.067 | (−0.088, 0.223) | 0.390 | 0.010 | (−0.137, 0.157) | 0.891 | 0.002 | (−0.144, 0.149) | 0.975α |
| Systolic bp (mmHG) | 0.001 | (−0.000, 0.002) | 0.151 | 0.001 | (−0.000, 0.002) | 0.154 | 0.001 | (−0.000, 0.002) | 0.148π |
| Diastolic bp (mmHG) | 0.003 | (0.001, 0.004) | 0.005 | 0.002 | (0.000, 0.004) | 0.041 | 0.002 | (0.000, 0.004) | 0.043π |
| (b) Monozygotic twin pairs (N = 62) | |||||||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.001 | (0.000, 0.003) | 0.046 | 0.001 | (−0.000, 0.003) | 0.138 | |||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | −0.031 | (−0.079, 0.018) | 0.209 | −0.004 | (−0.062, 0.055) | 0.901 | −0.003 | (−0.060, 0.054) | 0.924 µ |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)∞ | 0.045 | (0.003, 0.087) | 0.037 | 0.040 | (−0.010, 0.090) | 0.115 | 0.036 | (−0.014, 0.085) | 0.152 µ |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)∞ | −0.026 | (−0.235, 0.184) | 0.807 | −0.095 | (−0.346, 0.156) | 0.450 | −0.099 | (−0.351, 0.153) | 0.433α |
| Systolic bp (mmHG) | 0.001 | (−0.001, 0.002) | 0.371 | 0.000 | (−0.001, 0.002) | 0.483 | 0.000 | (−0.001, 0.002) | 0.478π |
| Diastolic bp (mmHG) | 0.001 | (−0.000, 0.003) | 0.142 | 0.001 | (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.215 | 0.001 | (−0.001, 0.004) | 0.218π |
| (c) Dizygotic twin pairs (N = 37) | |||||||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.002 | (−0.000, 0.004) | 0.058 | 0.001 | (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.292 | |||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | −0.103 | (−0.191, −0.014) | 0.025 | −0.063 | (−0.172, 0.046) | 0.246 | −0.083 | (−0.188, 0.022) | 0.116 µ |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)∞ | 0.051 | (−0.011, 0.112) | 0.103 | 0.044 | (−0.010, 0.098) | 0.107 | 0.044 | (−0.008, 0.096) | 0.096 µ |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)∞ | 0.110 | (−0.137, 0.357) | 0.372 | 0.074 | (−0.128, 0.276) | 0.454 | 0.055 | (−0.144, 0.253) | 0.573α |
| Systolic bp (mmHG) | 0.001 | (−0.001, 0.004) | 0.291 | 0.001 | (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.438 | 0.001 | (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.474π |
| Diastolic bp (mmHG) | 0.005 | (0.001, 0.009) | 0.011 | 0.002 | (−0.002, 0.006) | 0.319 | 0.002 | (−0.002, 0.006) | 0.347π |
*adjusted for smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity.
HDL high-density lipoprotein, bp blood pressure.
µuse of cholesterol lowering medications, αuse of blood glucose lowering medications, πuse of antihypertensives, ∞natural log transformation was performed due to skewed distribution of variable.
One sample excluded for extreme log-transformed fasting glucose (mmol/L) value of over 2.75.
β unstandardized regression coefficient, CI confidence interval.