Table 3.

Mean and standard deviation of the total range of motion (in degrees) in sagittal plane from hip, knee, and ankle joints during running in four conditions: free and Nordic running in regular terrain (FR and NR), and free and Nordic running in irregular terrain (FI and NI)

Gait phase	Joint	FR	NR	FI	NI	Mode	Terrain	Mode*Terrain
Contact	Hip	46.2 (6.2)	46.2 (6.1)	50.5 (6.6)	50.4 (6.0)	0.99	0.001	0.96
	Knee	27.4 (3.7)	28.4 (3.0)	30.6 (4.3)	31.6 (3.5)	0.03	< 0.001	0.89
	Ankle	37.6 (5.2)#, $	39.9 (5.2)#	42.0 (4.7)#, $	39.9 (4.0)#	0.81	0.02	< 0.001
Aerial	Hip	63.2 (11.5)	61.3 (9.0)	74.8 (8.3)	74.4 (7.0)	0.46	< 0.001	0.44
	Knee	83.1 (14.3)	77.8 (7.9)	97.2 (10.1)	92.8 (10.7)	0.01	< 0.001	0.54
	Ankle	33.0 (7.0)#	35.7 (5.2)#	34.1 (5.2)	34.1 (5.4)	0.04	0.82	0.03

The p values are presented for the comparisons between conditions for the factor mode of running (free and Nordic running), terrain (regular and irregular), and their interaction (mode*terrain). If the interaction was significant: the ^# symbol represents difference between mode of running for the same terrain, and the ^$ symbol represents difference between terrain for the same mode of running. The statistically significant values of p are bolded. The significance level used was α = 0.05