Table 4.
Explorative analysis of determinants associated with delayed anticipated help-seeking for dysphagia ( ≥ 1 month).
| Delayed anticipated help-seeking (%) | Univariable OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.98 (0.97−0.99) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.98−0.99) | <0.001 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 11.8 | ref | |||
| Female | 14.2 | 1.23 (1.00−1.53) | 0.05 | ||
| Education | |||||
| Lower | 12.7 | ref | |||
| Middle | 11.8 | 0.92 (0.67−1.26) | 0.59 | ||
| Higher | 13.9 | 1.11 (0.83−1.49) | 0.49 | ||
| Civil status | |||||
| With a partner | 12.5 | ref | |||
| Without a partner | 14.5 | 1.19 (0.94−1.51) | 0.15 | ||
| SES score neighbourhood | 0.82 (0.49−1.37) | 0.45 | |||
| Migration background | |||||
| Dutch background | 13.0 | ref | ref | ||
| Western migration background | 17.8 | 1.45 (0.79−2.66) | 0.24 | 1.30 (0.70−2.42) | 0.40 |
| Non-Western migration background | 7.9 | 0.57 (0.28−1.19) | 0.14 | 0.45 (0.21−0.93) | 0.03 |
| Knew someone with oesophageal cancer | |||||
| Yes | 14.3 | ref | |||
| No/do not know | 12.8 | 0.88 (0.66−1.18) | 0.39 | ||
| Recognition of dysphagia as cancer symptom | |||||
| Yes | 10.8 | ref | ref | ||
| No/do not know | 15.3 | 1.49 (1.20−1.85) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.27−1.97) | <0.001 |
| Perceived risk of oesophageal cancer | |||||
|
Very low/somewhat low/ moderate |
12.5 | ref | ref | ||
| Somewhat high/very high | 24.5 | 2.28 (1.46−3.56) | <0.001 | 2.20 (1.39−3.47) | <0.001 |
| Number of negative beliefs about oesophageal cancer | |||||
| 0 | 11.3 | ref | ref | ||
| 1 | 12.1 | 1.08 (0.76−1.54) | 0.67 | 1.17 (0.82−1.68) | 0.38 |
| 2 | 12.6 | 1.14 (0.80−1.61) | 0.47 | 1.23 (0.86−1.75) | 0.25 |
| 3 | 17.3 | 1.27 (0.88−1.83) | 0.20 | 1.40 (0.96−2.02) | 0.08 |
| ≥4 | 17.3 | 1.65 (1.07−2.52) | 0.02 | 1.86 (1.20−2.87) | 0.006 |
aDeterminants with a p value of < 0.2 in univariable analyses were included in the multivariable model, followed by backward elimination of non-significant variables (stopping rule: p < 0.05).