Table 3.
Probability ratios with 95% confidence intervals for aberrant semen scope at varying degrees of tobacco use.
| Primary infertile men | Secondary infertile men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-smokers (n=817) |
Moderate smokers(n=405) | Heavy smokers(n=208) | non-smokers (n=250) |
Moderate smokers(n=163) | Heavy smokers(n=95) | |
| Semen volume | ||||||
| Crude | ref | 1.15(0.74,1.76) | 1.66(1.00,2.69) | ref | 1.39(0.67, 2.87) | 1.98(0.89, 4.30) |
| P | 0.52 | 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.09 | ||
| Adjusted | ref | 1.13(0.71,1.76) | 1.53(0.90,2.54) | ref | 1.16(0.53, 2.52) | 1.18(0.48, 2.77) |
| P | 0.61 | 0.11 | 0.71 | 0.71 | ||
| Sperm concentration | ||||||
| Crude | ref | 1.65(1.11,2.44) | 1.94(1.20,3.07) | ref | 1.58(0.73, 3.44) | 1.98(0.83,4.60) |
| P | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.24 | 0.11 | ||
| Adjusted | ref | 1.60(1.05, 2.40) | 1.88(1.14,3.05) | ref | 1.38(0.61, 3.11) | 1.65(0.65,4.06) |
| P | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.43 | 0.28 | ||
| Total count | ||||||
| Crude | ref | 1.39(0.94, 2.04) | 1.74(1.09,2.73) | ref | 1.48(0.71,3.10) | 1.92(0.836,4.26) |
| P | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.11 | ||
| Adjusted | ref | 1.39(0.92, 2.07) | 1.76(1.08,2.81) | ref | 1.27(0.58,2.75) | 1.67(0.68,3.93) |
| P | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.55 | 0.25 | ||
| Progressive motility | ||||||
| Crude | ref | 0.98(0.75, 1.27) | 0.91(0.65,1.276) | ref | 0.51(0.31,0.83) | 0.54(0.29,0.96) |
| P | 0.86 | 0.58 | 0.007 | 0.04 | ||
| Adjusted | ref | 1.10(0.845,1.44) | 1.00(0.70,1.42) | ref | 0.53(0.31,0.87) | 0.53(0.28,0.99) |
| P | 0.5 | 0.99 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||
| Total motility | ||||||
| Crude | ref | 0.88(0.69,1.13) | 0.88(0.64,1.21) | ref | 0.61(0.39,0.96) | 0.79(0.46,1.3) |
| P | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.03 | 0.37 | ||
| Adjusted | ref | 0.95(0.73,1.23) | 0.93(0.66,1.30) | ref | 0.63(0.39,1.01) | 0.79(0.44,1.37) |
| P | 0.7 | 0.67 | 0.06 | 0.40 | ||
| Nomal morphology | ||||||
| Crude | ref | 0.88(0.58,1.32) | 1.26(0.77,2.01) | ref | 0.41(0.15,0.98) | 0.94(0.38,2.12) |
| P | 0.55 | 0.34 | 0.06 | 0.89 | ||
| Adjusted | ref | 0.96(0.62,1.46) | 1.46(0.87,2.38) | ref | 0.37(0.13,0.93) | 0.88(0.33,2.16) |
| P | 0.86 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.79 | ||
Men having the following WHO-recognized semen quality values were used as the reference group for parameter analysis: semen volume ≥ 1.5 ml, sperm concentration ≥ 15 × 106/ml, and progressive motility sperm ≥ 32 × 106/ml. Crude: unmodified model Forage, BMI, period of abstinence, alcohol intake, length of infertility, how many nocturnal snacks consumed, dietary practices, and working hours were all changed in the model; ref stands for the reference.