Table 2.
Bivariate associations between diaper need and caregiver characteristicsa (n = 881).
| Characteristic | % with diaper need | % without diaper need | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| All | 46.1 | 53.9 | |
| Respondent characteristics | |||
| Age | 0.151 | ||
| 18–24 years | 54.1 | 45.9 | |
| 25–34 years | 48.9 | 51.1 | |
| 35–44 years | 42.4 | 57.6 | |
| ≥45 years | 43.5 | 56.5 | |
| Gender | 0.553 | ||
| Female | 46.8 | 53.2 | |
| Not female | 44.8 | 55.3 | |
| Race and Ethnicitya | <0.001 | ||
| Black or African American | 49.5 | 50.5 | |
| Hispanicb | 59.2 | 40.8 | |
| Non-Hispanic Whiteb | 40.2 | 59.8 | |
| Other minoritized racial group | 52.3 | 47.7 | |
| Education level | 0.090 | ||
| Some high school or high school degree | 50.6 | 49.4 | |
| Some college, associate degree, technical school, or apprenticeship | 46.5 | 53.5 | |
| Bachelor's degree | 47.3 | 52.7 | |
| Postgraduate or professional degree | 38.4 | 61.6 | |
| Household income in 2020 | <0.001 | ||
| ≤ $24,999 b | 53.4 | 46.6 | |
| $25,000-$49,999c | 54.4 | 45.6 | |
| $50,000-$99,999 d | 45.7 | 54.3 | |
| ≥ $100,000 b,c,d | 30.4 | 69.6 | |
| Area type | 0.276 | ||
| Urban | 45.3 | 54.7 | |
| Rural | 51.0 | 49.0 | |
| Census Region | 0.765 | ||
| Midwest | 48.1 | 51.9 | |
| Northeast | 46.4 | 53.6 | |
| South | 44.2 | 55.8 | |
| West | 48.3 | 51.7 | |
| Single-adult household | 0.137 | ||
| Yes | 53.3 | 46.7 | |
| No | 45.1 | 54.9 | |
| Number of children that wear diapers | <0.001 | ||
| 1 childb | 42.5 | 57.5 | |
| ≥2 childrenb | 55.7 | 44.3 | |
| Types of diapers used | <0.001 | ||
| Disposable onlyb,c | 40.4 | 59.6 | |
| Cloth onlyb | 70.6 | 29.4 | |
| Both disposable and clothc | 63.5 | 36.5 | |
| Overall health status | 0.096 | ||
| Excellent | 48.3 | 51.7 | |
| Very good | 43.1 | 56.9 | |
| Good | 42.9 | 57.1 | |
| Fair | 56.4 | 43.6 | |
| Poor | 51.4 | 48.6 | |
| Hardship during the pandemic | |||
| Financial situation compared to one year ago | <0.001 | ||
| Better offb | 42.4 | 57.6 | |
| About the samec | 35.5 | 64.5 | |
| Worse offb,c | 62.7 | 37.3 | |
| Screened positive for depression (CES-D) | <0.001 | ||
| Yesb | 59.9 | 40.1 | |
| Nob | 19.6 | 80.4 | |
| Inadequate childcare situation | 0.130 | ||
| Yes | 51.0 | 49.0 | |
| No | 45.2 | 54.8 | |
Note. Comparisons are based on chi-square analyses. Due to missing data sample sizes differed for the following analyses: Age (n = 874), Gender (n = 864), Education level (n = 863); Household income in 2020 (n = 878); Area type (n = 868); Single-adult household (n = 873), Types of diapers used (n = 755), Overall health status (n = 874), Financial situation compared to one year ago (n = 878), Screened positive for depression (n = 794), and Inadequate childcare arrangement (n = 777).
b, c, d Categories are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05.
The “Other minoritized racial group” category is comprised of individuals from the following groups: American Indian or Alaskan Native alone (n = 4), Asian alone (n = 10), Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander alone (n = 2), Other race alone (n = 9), Multiple races (n = 19).